Tutorial 4

Question 1

Bones groups composing of appendicualr skeleton

Answer 1

1. pectoral girdles
2. upper limb
3. lower limb
4. pelvic girdle

Question 2

bones composing of pectoral girdle (2)

Answer 2

• clavicle
• scapula

Question 3

bones composing of upper limb (6)

Answer 3

• humerus
• radius
• ulnar
• carpal bones
• metacarpleb bones
• phalanges

Question 4

bones composing of lower limb (7)

Answer 4

1. femur
2. patella
3. tibia
4. fibula
5. tarsal bones
6. metatarsal bones
7. phalanges

Question 5

bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 5

hip bone

Question 6

what are the 2 types of carpal bones and how do you tell them appart spacially

Answer 6

• proxial carpal bones (4)
• distal carpal bones (4)

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Question 7

Label the bones:
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisiform
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
- metacarpals (I,II,III,IV,V)
- proximal, middle, distal phalanges)

Answer 7

Proximal carpal bones
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisiform
Distal carpal bones
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
metacarpals (I,II,III,IV,V)
proximal, middle, distal phalanges)

Question 8

Ankle of the foot lable: up to down

Answer 8

1. tarsus
2. metatarsus
3. phalanges

Question 9

how are joints classified by their movments

Answer 9

1.synarthrosis
- boney edge close together/interlocks

2.amphiarosis
- articulating bone connected by collagen fibers or cartilage

3.diarthrosis
- permitting widest movement

Question 10

Examples of synarthrosis

Answer 10

Fibrous
- suture
- gomphosis (binds teeth)

cartilaginous
- synchondrosis

bony
- synostosis

Question 11

examples of amphiarthrosis

Answer 11

Fibrous
- syndesmosis (band of ligament)

cartilaginous
- symphysis (joint betwen pubic bone)

Question 12

examples of diathrosis joints

Answer 12

synovial joints

Question 13

what are the synovial joint types and what motions can it do

Answer 13

1. plane (gliding)
2. hinge (angular, monoaxial)
3. pivot (rotation, monoaxial)
4. condylar (angular, biaxial)
5. saddle (angular biaxial)
6. ball and socket (circumduction)

Question 14

examples of the following synovial joints:
1. plane (gliding)
2. hinge (angular, monoaxial)
3. pivot (rotation, monoaxial)
4. condylar (angular, biaxial)
5. saddle (angular biaxial)
6. ball and socket (circumduction)

Answer 14

1. intercarpal joints
2. elbow, knee, ankle joints
3. proximal radio-ulnar joint
4. radial carpal joints
5. metacarpal & trapezium
6. shoulder, hip joint

Question 15

What are the 3 different components of the hip bone? Lable them

Answer 15

1. illum
2. ischium
3. pubis

Question 16

what is the talus and calcanuous

Answer 16

bones of the tarsal
* calcaneus: heel bone, largest tarsal bone
* talus: transmits weight of the body from the tibia towards the toes

Question 17

what are the main components of a synovial joint & its function

Answer 17

Articular cartilage
- covers the bones of the joint

joint/articular capsule
- sac that encloses the articulating ends of the bones in joint.

synovial membrane
- lines the interior of the joint/articular capsule. screats synovial fluid into the joint cavity

joint cavity
- contains the synovial fluic that lubercates, nutrient distribution, shock absorbtion

Question 18

lable the following knee ligaments and joint components

Answer 18