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King Finlay's FoPC Year 2 > Tutorial 3 - Ageing Well > Flashcards

Tutorial 3 - Ageing Well Flashcards

1
Q

adefine ageism

A

stereotyping and discrimination against people just because of their age (not just old!)

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2
Q

what percentage of the world population is expected to be over 60 by 2050?

A

22%

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3
Q

In the period 2000 to 2050, the number of people aged 80 and older will increase __ fold.

A

4 fold

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4
Q

By 2050, what percentage of older people will live in low-income and middle-income countries?

A

80%

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5
Q

what are the biggest killers in the poorest countries?

A

heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease.

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6
Q

give 4 reasons for the ageing population in the UK

A
  1. baby boom after WWII
  2. overall mortality rates continue improving (decreases)
  3. more emphasis on preserving health in old age ⇒ elderly more healthy
  4. ageing does not (necessarily) cause disease (healthier habits ⇒ live healthier for longer.)
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7
Q

how will healthcare have to change in response to the ageing population? give 4 points.

A
  1. More geriatricians + (other care of the elderly professionals) needed
  2. More facilities for elderly health care needed
  3. Many long-term conditions (end-stages of which can require as much palliative care as cancer eg DM, CVD) are moving from 2* care to 1* care
  4. Specific health promotion campaigns aimed at elderly.
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8
Q

what are the social implications associated with the ageing population? list 5.

A
  1. elderly dependent on families/carers who are also ageing
  2. more demand for home carers + nursing home places
  3. more emphasis on providing social activities for elderly within community
  4. role of elderly as grandparents (carers of grandchildren) likely to change (as may still be working)
  5. changed housing demands as more elderly people live alone (single bedroom houses popular with elderly)
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9
Q

what are the economic implications associated with an ageing population? list 5.

A
  1. retirement/pension age increases (already)
  2. finding employment harder for young people (older people required to work longer)
  3. proportionately less people paying into tax + pension funds ⇒ harder to get adequate return from pension funds.
  4. some without private pension may find state pension inadequate ⇒ poverty
  5. rising cost of “free personal care for the elderly” policy (Scotland)
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10
Q

what are the political implications/ factors associated with an ageing population? list 2.

A
  1. Decision making/workforce planningmustaccount for ageing population
  2. Rising ageing population could have power to influence political decision making in relation to their specific concerns
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11
Q

What is the leading cause of death in women in England?

A

Dementia/Alzheimer’s

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12
Q

what is the leading cause of death in men in England?

A

heart disease

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13
Q

what is increasing alongside life expectancy?

A

healthy life expectancy

the population is now living longer and spending more years in good health

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14
Q

how is the number of years spent in poor health varying with the number of years spent alive, in the ageing population?

A

life expectancy increased more than healthy life expectancy, therefore:

number of years lived in poor health has also increased

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15
Q

describe the concept of inequity

A

life expectancy can vary depending on socioeconomic status

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16
Q

give an example of a third sector organisation that help patients live healthier and better quality lives

A

‘Age Concern’

17
Q

how is the number of carers changing?

A

increasing

18
Q

what proportion of people will be carers at some point in their lives?

A

3 in 5 people (60%) will be carers at some point

19
Q

how many people provide over 50 hours of unpaid care per week?

A

1.4 million

20
Q

what % of carers were in receipt of disability living allowance as a result of their own disability/ill health?

A

27% of carers in receipt of Disability Living Allowance due to their own disability/ill health

21
Q

give 7 examples of work that carers do

A
  1. practical help (meals, laundry, shopping)
  2. keep an eye on person
  3. keep them company
  4. take the person out
  5. help with financial matters
  6. help deal with care services/benefits
  7. help with personal care
22
Q

give some examples of the people carers may care for (i.e. what relations might the carer have to them)

A

majority of carers care for relatives

  1. 40% parents/parents-in-law
  2. 26% spouse/partner.
  3. Other: disabled children under 18, grandparents, other relative.

1 in 10 care for a friend or neighbour.

23
Q

what are the proportions of carers that care for one person, two people or more?

A

83% care for just one person

14% care for two people

3% care for at least three people

24
Q

discuss the impact that caring has on carers

i) financial (5)
ii) social (2)
iii) health (1)

A

Financial

  1. May live in household where no-one is in paid work
  2. Drop in househould income by £20,000+ p/a
  3. Cut back on essentials like food and heating
  4. Financial circumstances affecting their health
  5. Missing out on financial support due to not getting right information

Social

  1. Impact on relationships with friends/family
  2. Many feel society does not think about them at all

Health

  1. Carers providing round the clock care over 2x more likely to be in bad health than non-carers
25
Q

define ‘multi-morbidity’

A

“the co-existence of two or more long-term conditions in an individual”

(the norm in primary care patients)

26
Q

how does multi-morbidity add complexity to management?

A

preferred treatment for one condition may worsen another

27
Q

give 5 different options for care for elderly patients that are being discharged from hospital

A
  1. Living in own home with support from family
  2. Living in own home with support from social services
  3. Sheltered Housing (accomodation for elderly)
  4. Residential Home
  5. Nursing Home Care
28
Q

define ‘anticipatory care plans (ACP)’

A

discussions in which individuals, care providers and relatives make decisions with respect to future aspects of care (health/personal/practical)

29
Q

when should ACP be done?

A

any time in life that seems appropriate

continuously

30
Q

who should do ACP?

A

anyone with an appropriate relationship to patient

31
Q

how should ACP be done?

A

carefully thinking ahead + making plans

write it down

32
Q

how can ACP be shared?

A

- KIS (Key Information Summary)

  • Other communication mehtods

The electronic Key Information System (KIS) is a communication tool that conveys ACP information from Primary Care to Out of Hours services (111)

33
Q

give 3 examples of legal ACP

A
  1. Welfare power of attorney
  2. Financial power of attorney
  3. Guardianship
34
Q

give up to 8 examples of personal ACP

A
  1. advance directive - what actions should be taken if deterioration
  2. next of kin (closest relative)
  3. consent to pass on information to relevant others
  4. preferences + priorities regarding treatment
  5. who else to consult/inform
  6. preferred place of death
  7. religious/cultural beliefs (death)
  8. current level of support
35
Q

give up to 9 examples of medical ACP

A
  1. Potential problems
  2. Home care package
  3. Wishes about DNA CPR
  4. Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines
  5. Communication which has occurred with other professionals
  6. Details of “just-in-case” medicines
  7. Electronic care summary
  8. Assessment of capacity/competence
  9. Current aids and appliances (helps assess current functional level)
36
Q
A
37
Q

give up to 8 reasons for the ageing population that are not due to improved healthcare

A
  1. Decrease in birth/fertility rates
  2. Better housing
  3. Better water supplies
  4. Better sanitation/sewerage systems
  5. Better nutrition
  6. Better safety/reduction of injury
  7. Migration (some areas only)
  8. War/genocide (some areas only)
38
Q

Define ageing population

A

Population aging is an increasing median age in the population of a region due to declining fertility rates and/or rising life expectancy.

King Finlay's FoPC Year 2 (4 decks)

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