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Anatomy Semester 4 > Tutorial > Flashcards

Tutorial Flashcards

1
Q

at what vertebral level does the superior part of the duodenum lie

A

L1

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2
Q

name the three layers that form the mucosa of the stomach

A

epithelial layer
lamina propia
muscularis interna

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3
Q

in which abdominal region is referred pain from the appendix and why

A

umbilical region, appendix is a midgut structure so pain fibres run with superior mesenteric artery, enter spinal cord T10-T11 and the dermatome for this region is in the umbilical region

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4
Q

from which ganglion do postganglionic sympathetic fibres supplying the splenic flexure arrive

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

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5
Q

name, in order, the layers that a gastric ulcer will erode through from the lumen to the peritoneal cavity

A

muscosa, submucosa, tunica externa, serosa

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6
Q

which artery is at risk if an ulcer in the second part of the duodenum perforates

A

gastroduodenal

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7
Q

name three features that increases surface area for absorption in the small intestine

A

pilicae curculares, villi, and microvillib

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8
Q

where does the mesentery of the transverse colon attach

A

pancreas to superior border of transverse colon

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9
Q

where does lymph from the descending colon drain into

A

inferior mesenteric nodes and then to cysterna chyli, and thoracic duct

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10
Q

which gross anatomical features are characteristic of the colon

A

tenaie coli, haustra, epiploic appendages

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11
Q

name the two arteries that supply the descending colon

A

left colic, and sigmoid branches of IMA

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12
Q

which cells of the gastric gland produce hydrochloric acid

A

parietal

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13
Q

name the four parts of the duodenum

A

superior, descending, inferior and ascending

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14
Q

name the artery that supplies the upper part of the duodenum and state the vessels from which it arises

A

superior pancreaticduodenal branch of gastroduodenal

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15
Q

which arteries supply the ascending colon

A

iliocolic and right colic

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16
Q

name the ligament that holds the duodenojejunal flexure in place

A

ligament of the duodenum or ligament of Trietz

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17
Q

which lymph nodes does lymph from the gastric lymph nodes drain into

A

coeliac nodes

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18
Q

which vessels unite to form the portal vein

A

superior mesenteric and splenic

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19
Q

on a histological specimen how would you differentiate the ileum from the jejunum

A

Peyer’s patches in the ileum

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20
Q

where does the lesser splanchnic nerve synapse

A

superior mesenteric ganglion

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21
Q

name the artery that supplies the lower part of the duodenum and state the vessels from which it arises

A

superior pancreaticduodenal, branch of gastroduodenal

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22
Q

what and where are Brunner’s glands

A

mucous (alkaline rich) secreting glands in the submuscosa of the duodenum

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23
Q

which arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

right and left gastric

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24
Q

which splanchnic nerve carries sympathetic fibres to the coeliac ganglion

A

greater splanchnic nerve

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25
Q

state two functions of cholecystokinin

A

relaxes the sphincter of oddi, causes contraction of the gall bladder, stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to secrete enzymes, stimulates liver to secrete bile, delays gastric emptyinh

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26
Q

where does venous blood from the portal sinusoids drain to

A

central veins, hepatic veins, and IVC

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27
Q

where does the accessory pancreatic duct drain into

A

first part of duodenum - superior

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28
Q

name the ligament that separates the right lobe of the liver from the caudate lobe and state what it is a remnant of

A

ligamentum venosum. remnant of ductus venosum

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29
Q

name the ligament that attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall

A

falciform

30
Q

which hormone stimulates the pancreatic duct cells to secrete water and bicarbonate

A

secretin

31
Q

which vessel does the cystic artery usually arise from

A

right hepatic arteryv

32
Q

describe the flow of bile from the left lobe of the liver when the sphincter of Oddi is closed

A

left hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, bile duct, cystic duct, gall bladder

33
Q

name three structures that leave impressions on the visceral surface of the liver

A

stomach, duodenum,. gallbladder

34
Q

which vessels contribute to the gastroesophageal anastamosis

A

oesophageal branches of the left gastric (portal) with oesophageal branches of middle third of oesophagus (systemic)

35
Q

name the ligament that encircles the bare area of the liver

A

coronary ligement

36
Q

which vessels contribute to the retroperitoneal anastomosis

A

veins of retroperitoneal (portal) with renal, lumbar and phrenic (systemic)

37
Q

which vessels contribute to the paraumbilical anastomosis

A

paraumbilical (portal) with superficial veins of abdominal wall (systemic)

38
Q

which hormone stimulates pancreatic acinar cells to secrete pancreatic enzymes

A

cholecystokinin

39
Q

which vessels contribute to the anorectal anastomosis

A

superior rectal veins (portal) with middle and inferior rectal veins (systemic)

40
Q

the spiral valve is a raised fold in the muscosa of the cystic duct, what is the function of this valve

A

keeps the cystic duct open so that bile can easily be diverted into the gall bladder

41
Q

the gall bladder concentrates bile, state two histological features that facilitate this

A

rugae, microvilli and rich vasculature in the submuscosa

42
Q

which arteries supply the head of the pancreas and where do they arise

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal from gastroduodenal and inferior pancreaticoduodenal from superior mesenterix

43
Q

which vessels contribute to the retroperitoneal anastomosis

A

veins of retroperitoneal organs (portal) with renal, lumber and phrenic (systemic)

44
Q

which three structures form a portal triad

A

branch of hepatic artery, branch of portal vein, and bile duct tributary

45
Q

which vessels unite to form the portal vein and where does this union occur

A

splenic and superior mesenteric veins, occurs posterior to the neck of the pancreas (level L1)

46
Q

which lymph nodes do efferent lymph vessels from the hepatic lymph nodes drain into

A

coeliac nodes

47
Q

name the ligament that runs in the free margin of the falciform ligament and state what it is the remnant of

A

ligamentum teres/round ligament - remnant of the umbilical vein

48
Q

where do the cystic veins drain into

A

portal vein

49
Q

name two veins that drain directly into the portal vein

A

left gastric, right gastric, cystic

50
Q

name two groups of lymph nodes that receive lymph from the abdominal wall above the level of the transumbilical plane

A

axillary, parasternal or anterior diaphragmatic nodes

51
Q

in addition to the superior and inferior epigastric arteries, name three other vessels that supply the anterolateral abdominal wall

A

musculophrenic, posterior intercostals, deep circumflex iliac

52
Q

which abdominal region contains the splenic flexure

A

left hypochondrium

53
Q

where does the greater omentum attach

A

greater curvature of the stomach and transverse colon

54
Q

which layer of the gastrointestinal tract is the myenteric plexus located

A

muscularis externa

55
Q

which ventral rami transmit sensory innervation from the umbilical region

A

T10 and T11

56
Q

which structures run in the free border of the lesser omentum

A

hepatic artery, bile duct and portal vein

57
Q

at what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac vessels

A

L4

58
Q

at what vertebral level do the common iliac veins unite to form the IVC

A

L5

59
Q

which is the only nerve of the lumbar plexus that arises form the medial border of the psoas major

A

obturator nerve

60
Q

name two tributaries of the left renal vein

A

left gonadal, left suprarenal

61
Q

at what vertebral level does the superior mesenteric artery arise

A

L1

62
Q

from which vessel does the inferior epigastric artery arise

A

external iliac

63
Q

state the boundaries of the epiploic foramen

A

Ant - hepatoduodenal ligament
Post - IVC
Sup - liver
Inf - first part of the duodenum

64
Q

name the muscle that extends and laterally flexes the verebral colum and fixes the 12th rib during inspiration

A

quadratus lumborum

65
Q

name the abdominal region bounded by the left and right midclavicular lines, subcostal and transtubercular plane

A

umbilical region

66
Q

what does the posterior wall of the rectus sheath consist of above the arcuate line

A

transversus abdominus and posterior laminar of internal oblique

67
Q

state the attachments of the inguinal ligament

A

anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

68
Q

which segements of the spinal cord contribute to the femoral nerve

A

L2,3,4

69
Q

where is McBurney’s point and what is its clinical signifcance

A

one third laterally along a line between the umbilicus and the ASIS. it corresponds to the position of the base of the appendix

70
Q

which structure lies within the lateral umbilical fold

A

inferior epigastric artery

71
Q

which segments of the spinal cord contribute to the obturator nerve

A

L2,3,4

72
Q

between which layers of the abdominal wall do the nerves that supply it run

A

between transversus abdominus and internal oblique

Anatomy Semester 4 (1 decks)

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