Tutorial 1: The Impact of Long-Term Conditions Flashcards
Define the concept of patient centred care
Places patient at the centre
Only the patient is in a position to make a decision on what it means to them
The International Alliance of Patients’ Organizations (IaPO) Declaration outlines what five principles
Respect. Choice and empowerment. Patient involvement in health policy. Access and support Information
Long term conditions account for how many GP appointments?
50%
Long term conditions account for how many outpatient appointments?
64%
Long term conditions account for how many inpatient bed days
70%
Name prominent chronic disorders
Parkinson’s Disease
MS
Arthritis
Define Incidence
The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a specified period of time
Define Prevalence
The number of people in a population with a specific disease at a single point in time or in a defined period of time
What are the aetiologies of long-term (chronic diseases)
Genetic factors
Environmental factors
Define vulnerability
An individuals capacity to rests disease, repair damage and restore physiological homeostasis
What cab add to the burden of treatment
Complex treatment regimens and multiple drugs (polypharmacy) contribute to the burden of treatment.
Complex administrative systems, and accessing, navigating, and coping with uncoordinated health and social care systems add to this.
What is Biographical Disruption
When a long-term condition leads to a loss of confidence in the body followed by a loss of confidence in social interaction or self identity
What is the impact of a long term condition on the individual
Can be negative or positive
Can include denial, self pity and apathy
What is the impact of a long term condition on the family
Financial, emotional and physical
What is the impact of a long term condition on the community/society
Isolation of an individual may result
What is the dictionary definition of disability
Lacking in one or more physical powers such as the ability to walk or coordinate ones movements
What is the legal definition of disability
Difficulty can be physical, sensory or mental. A disability that makes it difficult for them to carry out normal day to day activities, ongoing for more than 12 months
What is the WHO definition of a disability
Impairment in a person’s body structure or function, or mental functioning; examples of impairments include loss of a limb, loss of vision or memory loss. Activity limitation, such as difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, or problem solving.
What is the medical model of disability
Individual/personal cause e.g. accident whilst drunk
Underlying pathology e.g. morbid obesity
Individual level intervention e.g. health professionals advise individually
Individual change/adjustment e.g. change in behaviour
What is the social medical model of disability
Societal cause e.g. low wages
Conditions relating to housing
Social/Political action needed e.g. facilities for disabled
Societal attitude change e.g. use of politically correct language.
What is the Disability Discrimination Act (1995 and 2005)
Work to protect people with disabilities – including blind and partially sighted people – from discrimination
What are doctors role in mangling disabilities
Assess disabilities
Coordinate the MDT
Intervene in the form of rehabilitation
Personal reaction to disability depends on
The nature of the disability
The information base of the individual, i.e. education, intelligence and access to information
The personality of the individual
The coping strategies of the individual
The role of the individual – loss of role, change of role
The mood and emotional reaction of the individual
The reaction of others around them
The support network of the individual
Additional resources available to the individual e.g. good local self-help group, socio-economic resources
Time to adapt i.e. how long they have had the disability
Name different causes of disability worldwide
Congenital Injury Communicable Disease Non-Communicable Disease Alcohol Drugs-iatrogenic effect and/or illicit use Mental Illness Malnutrition Obesity
What proportion of disabled people in the UK are in employment
1/3rd
What is Wilson’s Criteria for screening
Knowledge of disease:
The condition should be important.
There must be a recognisable latent or early symptomatic stage.
The natural course of the condition, including development from latent to declared disease, should be adequately understood.
Knowledge of test:
Suitable test or examination.
Test acceptable to population.
Case finding should be continuous (not just a ‘once and for all’ project).
Treatment for disease:
Accepted treatment for patients with recognised disease.
Facilities for diagnosis and treatment available.
Agreed policy concerning whom to treat as patients.
Cost considerations:
Costs of case finding (including diagnosis and treatment of patients diagnosed) economically balanced in relation to possible expenditures on medical care as a whole.
