Tutorial 1: Neuroanatomy I & Brain Tour Flashcards

1
Q

Where areas are included in the CNS and PNS?

A

CNS: INside skull, brain & spinal cord
PNS: Located outside of skull and spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the somatic nervous system deal with? What types of nerves does it have?

A

The somatic nervous system deals with controlling voluntary movement and sensations in the body. Nerves include sensory afferent nerves and motor efferent nerves. That is, nerves that ARRive to the CNS with sensory information, and nerves that EXit the CNS to send motor information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system deal with? What types of nerves does it have?

A

The autonomic nervous system deals with regulating the body’s internal state. The system contains afferent nerves from the internal organs (arrive), and efferent nerves that goes to the internal organ (exit), divided by the sympathetic (winds up) and parasympathetic (winds down) systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name 3-5 physiological changes when the parasympathetic system vs when the sympathetic system is activated

A

Parasympathetic:
Stimulate flow of saliva, slower heartbeat, constrict bronchi, contract bladder, acetylcholyne released (neurotransmitter that promotes “rest & digest”
Sympathetic:
Pupils dilate, inhibit saliva flow, heartbeat accelerate, conversion of glycogen to glucose, secretion of adrenaline (broader effect of f or f) and noradrenaline (localised targeted effect of f or f), inhibit bladder contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cranial nerves only have sensory segments, T/F

A

False, some have both sensory and motor segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

One organ can be controlled by more than one cranial nerve, T/F

A

True!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Correctly term the following descriptions:
Clusters of cells within the CNS vs in the PNS
Clusters of axons within the CNS vs in the PNS

A
  1. Nuclei, 2. Ganglia, 3. Tracts, 4. Nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The number of directions for transmission by a neurone is termed as ….

A

Poles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 main types of neurons?

A
  1. Unipolar Neuron:
  2. Bipolar Neuron
  3. Multipolar Neuron
  4. Multipolar Interneuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nerves join the spinal cord in pairs in 32 locations along the length of spine, T/F

A

False, 31 pairs join the psinal cord along spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is gray matter, and which is white?
1. Myelinated Axons
2. Cell bodies & interneurons

A
  1. White matter
  2. Gray matter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of two are efferent neurons that have cell bodies in ventral root, projecting out to somatic and autonomic system.
Unipolar or Multipolar Neurons

A

Multipolar
Unipolar are afferent neurons that join the dorsal horn from both somatic and autonomic systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Multipolar Neurons ____ ______ between cells within a single structure and can _____ ______ from many cells

A

Transfer information
Collect Info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the physical brain protections structures (protect against mechanical injuries) and chemical brain protection strucutures (maintaining chemical balance)

A

Physical: Skull, meninges (dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Chemical protection: blood brain barrier (prevent entry of large molecules)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrocephalus occurs when the drainage of _____ is blocked

A

CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Myelencephalon is also known as? This is which part of the brain?

A

Medulla & hindbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the reticular formation located?

A

Reticular formation is spread along the legnth of the brain stem, portions are resting in medulla, pons, and mid brain

18
Q

Which structure is primarily composed of axonal tracts carrying info from brain to body and back, and also involved in vital functions such as heart rate and breathing

19
Q

Reticular formation is involved in arousal, sleep, T/F

20
Q

Metencephalon consists of both…

A

Pons & Cerebellum!

21
Q

Pons is involved in the sensory and motor control, whilst cerebellum is involved in vital function relay centre. T/F

A

False. Other way around silly

22
Q

Mesencephalon is located at the _____ & includes structures …

A

Midbrain, tectum & tegmentum

23
Q

Which of these structures are located in the tectum and tegmentum: periaqueductal grey matter & Substantia Nigra AND superior and inferior colliculi

A

Tectum: superior and inferior colliculi
Tegmentum: periaqueductal grey matter & Substantia Nigra

24
Q

Thalamus is the ____ station, containing three substructures.
1. _____ geniculate nucleus - first synapse after optic nerve leaves eye
2. ______ geniculate nucleus -
3. _____ _______ nucleus

Which is involved in sensorimotor relay, the first synapse after optic nerve leaves the eye, and auditory relay

A
  1. Lateral geniculate nucleus
    - first synapse after the optic nerve leaves the eye
  2. medial genciulate nucleus
    - auditory relay
  3. ventro posterior nucleus
    - sensorimtor relay
25
The diencephalon contains the structures:
Thalamus & hypothalamus
26
The hypothalamus is located where..... and controls .....?
Just below the thalamus, and control the pituitary gland
27
Pituitary gland simplifed, is responsible for lactation, stress, growth & reproduction, and blood pressure, T/F
True
28
The limbin system is involved with?
The four 4's. Fighting, fleeing, feeding, and fucking and also affects
29
What is the striatum structure in the basal ganglia?
The putamen and caudate
30
Sulci is the ____ and gyri is the _____?
Fissures & Hills
31
Neocortext is the _____
Layered sheet of tissue
32
Telencephalon includes what structures?
Neocortex
33
What structure is not a part of the "old" brain?
Telencephalon
34
What are the two main cell types in the Neocortex? How do the layers differ
Pyramidal cells & stellate cells. Each layer differ in relative concentration of st. & py. cells in relative size & concentration of cell bodies
35
Pyramidal cells are ____ and stellate cells are _____
P. cells have large bodies, multipolar and large axons going down & inward through layers S. Cells: small, star-shaped, short/no axons, transmitting info laterally
36
What are the 7 major components of the developed brain?
1. Spinal cord 2. Medulla (brain stem) 3. Pons (brain stem) 4. Cerebellum 5. Midbrain (brain stem) 6. Diencephalon 7. Cerebrum/Neocortex
37
Name the three primary brain vesicles in a 3-4week old embryo.
1. Forebrain (prosencephalon) 2. Midbrain (mesencephalon) 3. Hindbrain (Rhombencephalon)
38
What does the three primary brain vesicle of a 3-4 week, the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, grow into once it hits _ weeks?
Prosencephalon into 1. Telecephalon, 2. Diencephalon Mesencephalon remains is (3) Rhombencephalon grows into 4. Metencephalon, and 5. Myencephalon
39
Name the 4 lobes in the cerebrum
1. Parietal 2. Temporal 3. Occipital 4. Frontal
40
What is the function of Broca's area and Wernicke's area
Both are language, Broca is production (think tan tan), and Wernicke's is comprehension