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Tuscany Flashcards

1
Q

What geographical features border Tuscany?

A

Tyrrhenian Coast of Italy and Apennine Mountains

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2
Q

Where were the first DOC/DOCG zones authorized in Italy?

A

Tuscany

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3
Q

What is a fiasco?

A

A short, straw covered bottle that Chianti was traditionally bottled

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4
Q

Who is Marquis Mario Rocchetta?

A

He released the first vintage of Sassicaia in 1968

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5
Q

Who is Piero Antinori?

A

The nephew of Marquis Mario Rocchetta and creator of Tignanello

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6
Q

About what percentage of wine produced in Tuscany is at the DOC/DOCG level?

A

About 60%
About 85% of total production is red

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7
Q

How many DOCGS are in Tuscany?

A

11, trailing behind Piedmont and Veneto

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8
Q

Describe the climate of Tuscany

A

Dry, Mediterranean climate, winters can be harsh and summers can be long and hot.

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9
Q

What type of aging is common for Sangiovese in Tuscany?

A

traditionally spends time in large European—often Slavonian—casks, but modern wines are just as likely to be aged in new barriques

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10
Q

What grapes are historically added to Sangiovese blends?

A

Cab Sauv & Colorino for color and power
Canaiolo to soften

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11
Q

What does the Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico’s “Chianti Classico 2000 Project” do?

A

in 1987 they started clonal research into Sangiovese which is highly receptive to permutation in the vineyard.

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12
Q

Which DOCGs is Sangiovese the principal red grape?

A

Chianti, Chianti Classico, Carmignano, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano, Morellino di Scansano, and Montecucco Sangiovese

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13
Q

What is the most widely plant white grape in Italy?

A

Trebbiano Toscano
(it’s common blending partner is Malvasia)

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14
Q

What are the 8 subzones for Chianti?

A

Classico
Rùfina
Colli Fiorentini
Colli Senesi
Colline Pisane
Colli Aretini
Montalbano
Montespertoli *added in 1997

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15
Q

When was Chianti upgraded to DOCG status?

A

In 1984, originally delimited in 1932 as one of the oldest zones in Europe

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16
Q

Which producers dominate Rufina?

A

Frescobaldi firm & Fattoria Selvapiana are the only producers in the tiny Pomino DOC within Rùfina

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17
Q

Who is Baron Bettino Ricasoli?

A

Credited with creating the fist blend for Chianti in 1872

18
Q

What is the traditional practice of governo?

A

refermentation with the juice of dried grapes, to strengthen the wine and initiate malolactic fermentation.
Must be indicated on labels as Governo all’uso Toscano

19
Q

When may Chianti normale be released?

A

March 1 the year following harvest
*Rùfina, Montespertoli, and Colli Fiorentini require additional aging

20
Q

What are the aging requirements for Chianti Riserva and Superiore?

A

Riserva - 2 years
Superiore - 0.5% higher alc, plus lower yields

21
Q

Which villages appended “in Chianti” to their names?

A

Radda, Gaiole, Castellina, and Greve

22
Q

Which soils dominate Tuscany?

A

Sandstone and Marl dominate the region. Macingo and Piestraforte are the major sandstone-driven soils while Albarese is the top Marl soil

23
Q

Wine laws for Chianti Classico?

A

min 80%-100% Sangiovese, no white grapes, 12% alc, not released until Oct 1 following harvest.
Riserva - 24 months/3 in bottle 12.5%
Gran Selezione - 30 months/3 in bottle, 13%, 90% sangiovese

24
Q

Who is Clemente Santi?

A

Tenuta Greppo’s Biondi-Santi with the invention of the Brunello style, as the producer was the first to isolate the Brunello clone and bottle it alone in 1865. First release of the Brunello Riserva 1888

25
Q

Wine laws for Brunello di Montalcino?

A

100% Sangiovese Grosso (Brunello), Aged in cask for a minimum 2 years & 4 months in bottle, 6 months for riserva. May not be released until January 1st of the fifth year following harvest, or until the sixth year for riserva bottlings.

26
Q

Soils in Montalcino?

A

Galestro characterizing the higher-altitude vineyards. Clay is predominant in the warmer southern reaches of the zone, and fossilized marine deposits are scattered

27
Q

Modern vs Traditional producers in Montalcino?

A

Casanova di Neri, Mastrojanni—toward small barrels and shorter macerations
Biondi-Santi, Talenti, and Soldera, remain more traditional

28
Q

Rosso di Montalcino DOC?

A

100% Sangiovese. The wines must be aged for 1 year prior to release, although cask aging is not required

29
Q

Sant’Antimo DOC?

A

Created in 1996, provides Montalcino producers an outlet for “Super-Tuscan”. Any grape authorized in Tuscany allowed and either red or white.

30
Q

Moscadello di Montalcino DOC?

A

White wine only
Produced from the Moscadello (Moscato Bianco) grape, wines are often sweet, and may be still or sparkling

31
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

One of the first DOCGS in Italy, awarded in 1980. Min 70% Sangiovese (Prugnolo Gentile clone) and, as of 2010, a maximum 30% other varieties of Tuscany, including no more than 5% of white varieties.

32
Q

How long is Vino Nobile di Montepulciano aged?

A

minimum of two years, with at least one year in wood. Riserva wines are aged for at least 3 years

33
Q

Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Awarded in 2006
85% Sangiovese
Riserva aged min 2 years

34
Q

Where is 50% Sangiovese required?

A

Carmignano - 10-20% Cab Sauv or Cab Franc added

35
Q

List several Super Tuscan’s and their blends

A

Sassicaia - Cab Sauv based
Solaia by Antinori - Cab Sauv based
Ornellaia - Bordeaux blend
Masseto - Merlot based
Paleo Rosso from Le Macchiole - 100% Cab Franc

36
Q

What were the first 3 Super Tuscans to be 100% Sangiovese?

A

San Felice’s Vigorello, Montevertine’s Le Pergole Torte and Isole e Olena’s Cepparello

37
Q

What does nome di fantasia translate to?

A

Fantasy name - great Super Tuscans released as IGT use it

38
Q

What is the only true monopole DOC in Italy?

A

In 2013, the Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC

39
Q

What is the only white wine DOCG in Tuscany?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

a hilltop town in the Siena province

40
Q

Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG?

A

sweet red passito wines made from the Aleatico grape. The only DOCG for dessert wine.

41
Q

Vin Santo del Chianti DOC wine laws?

A

Trebbiano and Malvasia are usually raisinated until Dec 1 aging in caratelli barrels 3-8 years made from Chestnut or Oak
Final wine may be sweet or dry
may be fortified, and labeled liquoroso

Advanced; Central Italy (8 decks)

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