Turning points in modern South African history since 1948 Flashcards
When was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) written?
December 1948 ( after world war II )
What was the aim of the United Nations? (or the Universal declaration which was the policy written by them)
- Prevent future wars
- Prevent of diseases
- Destruction of the environment
The United Nations (UN) was formed to replace what?
League of Nations
What was the goal of the UNO?
- Keep peace among the countries of the world
- Promote human rights
- Improve living conditions in poorer parts of the world
What did the UDHR define?
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
-Human rights of dignity
-Equality
-Justice
for all people in the world
What is the definition of racism?
false idea that certain groups of people are better than others
What is apartheid?
- Apartness
- Is an inhuman policy which kept white South Africans separate from black South Africans.
What is an idealogy?
is a set of beliefs, values and ideas
What is a myth?
a story that is not true, that tries to explain something
When did apartheid rule in South Africa?
1948 to 1994
What were the four racial groups identified in the apartheid era?
- 1.Whites
- Coloureds
- Indians
- Blacks
What were the beliefs of the White person during the Apartheid era?
- that they were superior
- and that led to prejudice, discrimination and oppression.
How did the beliefs of the white person during the apartheid era show up in history?
it showed up as:
- slavery
- colonisation,
- genocide
- the Holocoust and -apartheid.
In terms of what have some race groups been discriminated against?
- education and job opportunities
- which led or resulted in poverty
The National Party and apartheid: when did the Nationalists come into power?
1948 when diamonds were discovered .
How was racial segregation and separation practiced in SA before 1948
- 1948 when diamonds were discovered
- Blacks were not allowed to buy land or own claims.
What happened in 1910?
black people had no say in new Union government.
What happened in 1913?
Land Act took away the right to buy or farm land
What happened in 1924?
Skilled work was reserved for white people only
What happened in 1926?
The colour bar act this did not allow Black people to get certificates for skilled work
What happened in 1936?
Black people who qualify for a vote in the Cape where removed from the common voters roll
Who are the “Born Frees”?
South Africans born after the end of Apartheid, after 1994
The Nationalists came into power in 1948, how many laws did they pass?
148 laws
What was the Nationalist Party’s aim?
- Increase the power and living standards of whites
- Increase the separation of races
- Control the movement of black people
What are the main apartheid laws?
PIGSPSSBB (Pigs Piss Black Beer) -Prohibitation of mixed marriages Act 1949 -Immorality Amendment Act 1950 -Population registration Act 1950 -Group areas act 1950 -Suppression of communism Act 1951 -Pass Laws 1952 -Separate Amenities Act 1953 -Black Labour relations regulation Act 1953 -Black Education Act 1953
What is Bantustan?
a negative word for the reserves where black people where meant to be citizens.
What was the idea behind Bantustan?
- A homeland system
- to get every African to go back to his or here original ethnic homeland (which where then called reserves)
What did the government create, and what was it based on?
Homelands, they where based on the language the people spoke
Which four homelands chose independence?
check picture on page 186
- TRANSKEI – 1976
- BOPHUTHATSWANA – 1977
- VENDA – 1979
- CISKEI – 1981
When was the communist party formed in South Africa?
1921
When was the communist party banned in South Africa?
1950
What did the ban mean for the Communist party?
- This meant that they had to go underground
- meetings had to be held in secret
What happened if someone was found carrying a communist membership card?
-arrested and received 10 year jail sentence
What does the ANC stand for?
African National Congress
When was the ANC formed?
1912
Who were the young leaders of the ANC
- Nelson Mandela
- Walter Sisulu
- Oliver Tambo
What did the Young leaders were Nelson Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Oliver Tambo form?
They formed the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)
Why did they form the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL)?
- because they felt that the old mean leading the ANCE were too moderate
- they wanted to adopt a more aggressive approach to resisting apartheid
Who was the ANC president in 1949?
James Moroka
What did James Moroka do?
- He adopted the Programme of Action
- which was aimed at rejecting white leadership and racial segregation
How were they going to achieve political independence and reject white leadership and racial segregation?
Through:
- Civil disobedience
- Work stoppages
- Mass action
- Strikes
- Boycotts
When did the defiance campaign start?
26 June 1952
How did the Defiance Campaign start?
- started with mass rallies and protests
- led by
- Nelson Mandela,
- Walter Sisulu,
- Yusuf Naidoo,
- Moses Kotane
- JB Marks
What did the protestors do in the Defiance campaign?
- they deliberately broke minor apartheid laws, like:
- Going through white only entrances
- Sitting at white only parks
What was the lifetime of Mahatma Ganhi (year born and died)
1869 to 1948
for how long was Mahatma Ganhi in South Africa for?
1893 to 1915
What did Mahatma Ganhi believe in?
passive resistance
What was the Freedom Charter?
A document drawn up calling for a Non-racial SA
- people should be treated equally
- right to social security
- right to education
What happened in 1955?
Police conducted raids on homes of 500 activists all over the country
Why did they do these raids?
They were searching for evidence of treason
When were activists arrested?
December 1956
How many activists were arrested?
156
How many activists of each race were arrested?
- 105 Africans
- 21 Indians
- 23 Whites
- 7 Coloureds
When did the Women’s March take place?
9th August 1956
What happened 9th August 1956?
20 000 women marched to the Union buildings in Pretoria
Why did these Women March?
Protesting about the carrying of passes.
Who were the leaders of the March?
Rahima Moosa Lillian Ngoyi Helen Joseph Sophia Williams Albertina Sisulu
