Turning Flashcards
What bank angle is a gentle level turn?
0 to 15 degrees
What bank angle is a medium level turn?
15 to 45 degrees
What bank angle is a steep level turn?
45 to 60 degrees
What is a rate 1 turn?
Takes 2 mins to turn a full 360 degrees
What is the approximation of the rate 1 turn bank angle?
IAS/10 + 7
What are the forces in a level turn?
Lift splits into a vertical and horizontal component
L
What is load factor?
Effectively āgā force
How to calculate load factor?
Wing Loading in manoeuvre/Wing Loading in S&L
How do you calculate the new stall speed?
New Vs = Old Vs x sqrt (new load factor)
What is good turn performance?
Minimum radius of turn and maximum rate of turn
What is force pulls the aircraft into a turn?
Centripetal
What impact does weight have on turn performance?
No impact
What impact does flying at a lower TAS have on turn performance?
Radius will be smaller and rate of turn will be greater
What impact does AoB have on turn performance?
At constant TAS, increasing AoB will reduce the radius and rate of turn will be greater
What impact does altitude have on turn performance?
Increased alt = increased TAS
So radius will be greater and rate of turn will be reduced
What impact does power have on turn performance?
Addition of power causes higher airspeed, so radius will increase turn radius and decrease the rate of turn
What is the impact of doubling the speed on turn radius?
4x turn radius
What is the over banking tendency on climb caused by?
Higher speed and AoA on the outer wing creates more lift than the inner
What is the over banking tendency?
In any turn one wing must travel further and faster, which generates more lift, banking the aircraft into the turn
What is the under banking tendency in a decent?
The outer wing travels further at a lower AoA, with the inner wing at a higher AoA countering the over-banking and potentially leading to under banking
When is slipping experienced in a turn?
Turning from upwind to downwind
What does slipping in a turn mean?
Aircraft is pushed into the turn due to wind
When is skidding experience in a turn?
Turning downwind to upwind
What does skidding in a turn mean?
Aircraft is pushed out of the turn due to wind
When ground speed is highest?
Bank angle must be highest
What is Vs?
Stalling speed
What is Vs1?
Stalling speed clean
What is Vs0?
Stalling speed with flaps and gear down
How is Vs1 marked on the ASI?
Bottom of the green arc
How is Vs0 marked on the ASI?
Bottom of the white arc
What is Va?
Manoeuvring speed or max control deflection speed
What is Vno?
Normal operating speed
How is Vno marked on the ASI?
Top of the green arc
What is Vne?
Never exceed speed
How is Vne marked on the ASI?
Red line
What is Vb?
Turbulence penetration speed
What is Vle?
Max landing gear extended speed
What is Vfe?
Max flap extended speed
How is Vfe marked on the ASI?
Top of the white arc
How does Va change with a decrease in weight?
Decreases
