Turning

Question 1

For an aircraft to turn, there has to be a force generated toward the centre of the turn, which is … force

this will make the aircraft … continuously toward the centre of the turn

Answer 1

centripetal

accelerate

Question 2

In a level turn the force (and therefore acceleration) toward the centre is provided by banking the aircraft so the lift vector …, creating centripetal force

Bank angle is labelled …

Answer 2

points into the turn

Phi

Question 3

why is load factor increased in a turn?

Answer 3

In order to keep the aircraft level, the total lift vector in a turn must be increased to give a vertical component large enough to support the weight – achieved by pulling back on control column to increase alpha

As lift is now more than weight, load factor (L/W) is increased

Question 4

The diagram shows that the cosine of the bank angle is the vertical component of lift (which equals weight) divided by total lift, (W/L). since load factor is lift / weight, we can say that:

Load factor (g) =

Answer 4

1 / cos angle of bank

Question 5

in a steady turn, load factor only varies with …

Answer 5

bank angle

(does not vary with the size, weight or speed of the aircraft)

Question 6

how does the stalling speed vary with load factor?

Answer 6

stalling speed increases with the square root of the load factor

Question 7

what are the two factors that determine the radius of a turn?

Answer 7

TAS and angle of bank

Question 8

what is the formula for the radius of a turn?

Answer 8

see image

Question 9

for the radius of a turn formula

TAS must be entered in … which is a factor of …

g is what?

Answer 9

m/sec (kts x 0.514)

gravity (either 9.81 m/sec/sec or may be given as 10 m/sec/sec in questions)

Question 10

From the formula we can see that radius increases with … for any given angle of bank

Mass does not appear in the formula so does not have any effect on the radius of a turn and two aircraft of different sizes and weights will turn within the same radius if their … and … are the same

Answer 10

speed

angle of bank

speed

Question 11

what is the mathematical relationship between TAS, rate of turn and radius?

Answer 11

Rate varies with TAS/Radius

Question 12

what is the formula for angle of bank in a rate one turn?

Answer 12

(TAS/10) + 7

Question 13

What is load factor in a 60 degree bank turn?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

What is a coordinated, balanced turn defined as?

Answer 14

a turn where the longitudinal axis of the aeroplane at the CG is tangential to the flight path