Tumours Of The Small Bowel Flashcards
Name 4 benign tumors of the small bowel:
Leimyoma
Lipoma
Adenoma
Haemangioma
What is the prevalence of small bowel tumors?
These are rare.
They constitute 3% of GIT tumors.
- Malignant tumors account for 64% of small bowel tumors.
What is the prognosis for small bowel tumors?
Small bowel tumors have a poor prognosis
Present late with complications.
Characterized by slow growth, remain asymptomatic
Small bowel tumors have a poor prognosis and present with late complications. What is the reason for this?
- Rapid intestinal transit time.
- Greater fluidity of chyme in the small bowel, may dilute irritants.
- Greater PH, Low bacterial count
- High level of benzoyl peroxide (detoxifies potential carcinogens)
- Inc in IgA and lymphoid tissue
What is a Leiomyoma? Where are they typically found?
Incidence is 1-2% of all GIT tumors.
- This is a benign tumor of the small bowel.
- It arises from the muscle coat.
- Usually as a single lesion.
- Distributed in jejunum and ileum, submucosa , intramural and subserosal.
- Appear as spherical mass on screen.
Note :- No mesenteric involvement or metastasis.
What is an Adenoma? Where are they typically found?
Incidence of 14-20%
- Usually affect single segment
- Tubular adenoma’s, affect the villi
What is a Lipoma? Where are they commonly found?
This is the 3rd most common benign tumor of the small bowel
- Fatty lump that is slow growing and rarely carcinogenic.
- Typically seen in duodenum and distal small bowel.
What is a Haemangioma? Where are they commonly found?
Benign vascular tumor.
- Mostly found in the jejunum.
What is another name for polyposis
Peutz-Jegners syndrome
What is polyposis?
Peutz-Jegners syndrome
This is an autosomal dominant hereditary condition that is associated with an increased risk of developing polyps in the digestive tract, most commonly in the colon and/or rectum
- Melanin spots of oral mucosa, toes and fingers
- multiple polyps in the jejunum
Malignant potential is low
15% may have pigmentation without polyps.
What is another name for Cronkhite syndrome?
Canada syndrome.
Name 3 presentations of Canada syndrome:
Polyposis
Alopecia
Atrophy of fingernails.
Heterotropic tissues may be an indication of a benign tumor:
Heterotropic tissue of the pancreas
- Small submucosal tumors
Endometriosis
- Small mass in the ileum
What is the prevalence of malignant tumors in small tumors malignancies
70% of small bowel tumors are malignant.
- 50% of those are advanced by the time they are diagnose.
Give 4 risk factors of developing malignant tumors of the small bowel:
- FAP (Familial adenomatous polyposis).
- IBD (Irritable bowel syndrome).
- AIDS.
- Neurofibromatosis.
- Coeliac disease.
Name 4 kinds of small bowel malignancies
Adenocarcinoma’s
Lymphomas
Carcinoids (Neuroendocrine)
Sarcoma’s
What is an adenocarcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma is a cancer that develops in the glandular tissues of the body.
Theses make up 1% of all primary GIT malignancies.
- Most common Malignant tumor.
What section of the small bowel is commonly affected by adenocarcinomas?
The duodenum is most commonly affected.
What section of the small bowel is commonly affected by adenocarcinoma’s in Chrons disease?
Terminal ileum.
What is a carcinoid (Neuroendocrine)?
A carcinoid is a slow-growing cancerous tumour that can grow in several places throughout the body.
- Often in small intestine.
Remain asymptomatic until metastasis in live.
Which cells do carcinoids aide from?
Endochromaffin cells.
What part of the small bowel are carcinoids commonly found in?
Ileum
What hormone is secreted by carcinoids (Neuroendocrine)?
5-Hydroxytryptamine.
What is 5-hydroxytryptamine?
This is serotonin
- A Monoamine transmitter
In light of this chapter of work, it is secreted by carcinoids which arise from endochromaffin cells.
