Tumours of the Small Bowel Flashcards
What are the three types of primary tumours ?
lymphomas
carcinoid tumours
carcinomas
primary tumours are ___
rare
where can you get secondary tumours from? 3
ovary, colon, stomach
If the cancer has spread diffusely along the small bowel wall - the tumour cannot be _____, this is an important diagnostic sign
resected
where are lymphomas most commonly found?
in the ileum
They are all ___-_____ in type (means that the cancer develops in the lymphatic system) and must be distinguished from ___ or ____ lymphomas involving the gut _____
They are all non-hodgkins in type (means that the cancer develops in the lymphatic system) and must be distinguished from peripheral or nodal lymphomas involving the gut secondarily
most lymphomas are _____
maltomas
what are maltomas
B cell derived
T cell lymphomas are rarer but show a strong association with ____ disease (enteropathy associated )
coeliac
T cell lymphomas are very _____, ___ ____ tumours
aggressive, high stage
what is the treatment for lymphoma ? 2
surgery and chemo
where is the commonest site for carcinoid tumours (endocrine) ?
appendix
what do the carcinoid tumours look like?
they are small, yellow, slow growing
locally invasive
what can carcinoid tumours cause? 3
intussusception - which is an inversion of one portion of the intestine within another
obstruction
paraneoplastic effects
what are paraneoplastic effects?
tumour producing hormone like substances
what are some signs of carcinoid tumour metastasizes to the liver?
flushing and diarrhoea
produce 5HT
carcinoid tumours arise from cells of the n_____ type which are mixed through the ______ cells in the intestine
neuroendocrine, epithelial
what are neuronendocrine cells also known as and what is their function
- APUD cells or enterochromaffin cells
- They produce a wide range of peptides
Neuroendocrine tumours have a better prognosis than _______
adenocarcinoma
what are carcinoma of the small bowel associated with?
crohn’s and coeliac disease
what do neuroendocrine tumours look like histologically?
Nests and islands of monotonous uniform cells
carcinoma are identical to ___- ____ in appearance
colorectal carcinoma
carcinoma can metastasise to ___ ___ and ____
lymph nodes and liver
carcinoma: Adenomatous lesions are well recognised in the _____
duodenum
who most commonly gets the adenomatous lesions?
in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
