Tumours Flashcards
What is an osteoma?
Benign bone tumour
What is associated with Gardner’s syndrome?
multiple osteomas
intestinal polyps
Where is an osteoid osteoma most likely to affect?
long bones of lower limb
What will a radiograph show in osteoid osteoma?
Nidus
central dense area surrounded by a halo of translucency
Where is an osteoblastoma most likely to affect?
Bones of hand, feet and verebrae
Is an osteoblastoma benign or malignant?
Benign
What is an osetochondroma?
benign tumour of cartilage
What type of cartilage does a chondroma affect?
hyaline cartilage
What are the 2 associations for chondroma and which is most likely to cause it?
Olliers
Mafucci Syndome
and mafucci
Where does a giant cell tumour arise?
epiphysis of long bones
What age is most likely to get a giant cell tumour?
young middle-ages adults
Is a giant cell tumour benign or malignant?
benign but can evolve into something malignant
What is the pathophysiology for a giant cell tumour?
only occurs in bones where the epiphyses has fused
What is the most common malignant bone tumour?
osteosarcoma
Where do the majority of osteosarcomas arise?
knee
What are risk factors for developing an osteosarcoma?
Paget’s disease
male
during growth spurt
What does an osteosarcoma look like on X-ray?
sunburst appearance Codman triangle (lifting of periosteum off bone)
What is a chondrosarcoma?
Malignant cartilage forming tumour
What is Ewing sarcoma?
highly malignant bone tumour derived from primitive neuroendrone cells
What is the rarest bone cancer?
Ewing sarcoma
What does Ewing sarcoma look like on X-ray?
onion skin appearance
What mutation is responsible for Ewing sarcoma?
chromosomal translocation t(11;22)
What is a lipoma?
benign tumour of fat cells
What is liposarcoma?
Malignant tumour of fat cells
What is the most common sarcoma in the retroperitoneum?
Liposarcoma
What is another name for fibroids?
leiomyomas
What are the risk factors for developing leiomyomas?
under 30
Afro-caribbean
famliy history
What are leiomyomas?
benign tumours of muscle wall
Are leiomyosarcomas benign or malignant?
malignant
Where are leiomyosarcomas most common?
uterus
stomach
small intestine
retroperitoneum
treatment for leiomyomas…
surgery - excision
Can be fatal if not
What are the 3 types of rhabdomyosarcoma?
Embryonal
Alveolar
Pleomorphic
What is rhabdomyoscaroma?
agressive malignant tumour forming in skeletal muscle tissue, bladder or uterus
Who does a rhabdomyoscaroma most commonly affect?
children
Where is an osetochondroma most likely to affect?
metaphysis of long bones
esp. knees
What does chondrosarcoma appear to be histologically?
grey/white nodules of cartilaginous tissue
List the 3 types of chondrosarcoma…
Dedifferentiated
Clear cell
Mesenchymal
Where is a simple osteoma most likely to affect?
skull
How would an osteosarcoma present?
painful mass
sudden fracture
lifts periosteum
What is another name for a giant cell tumour?
osteoclastoma
