Tumour Markers

Question 1

ALK gene re-arrangements and over-exertion are associated with which cancers? (2)

Answer 1

1. Non-small cell lung cancer

2. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Question 2

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is associated with which cancers? (2)

Answer 2

1. Liver cancer

2. Germ cell tumours

Question 3

Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is associated with which type of cancers?

Answer 3

Haematological -

Multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and some lymphomas

Question 4

Beta-Human chorionic gonadotropin (Beta-hCG) is associated with which cancers? (2)

Answer 4

1. Choriocarcinoma

2. Germ cell tumours

Question 5

BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations are associated with which cancers? (2)

Answer 5

1. Breast

2. Ovarian

Question 6

What is the BCR-ABL fusion gene related to?

Answer 6

The Philadelphia chromosome; translocation 22 and 9.

Question 7

Which cancers does the Philadelphia chromosome relate to? (3)

Answer 7

1. CML
2. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
3. Acute myelogenous leukaemia

Question 8

BRAF V600 is not a type of hoover, it is screened for in which cancer?

Answer 8

1. Colorectal

2. Cutaneous melanoma

Question 9

C-kit/CD117 is related to which cancers?

Answer 9

GI stromal tumour and mucosal melanoma

Question 10

CA15-3 and CA27.29 are tumour markers for which cancer?

Answer 10

Breast cancer

Question 11

CA19-9 is a tumour marker found in which cancers? (4)

Answer 11

1. Pancreatic cancer
2. Gallbladder cancer
3. Bile duct cancer
4. Gastric cancer

Question 12

CA-125 is a tumour marker for which cancer?

Answer 12

Ovarian cancer

Question 13

Calcitonin is a tumour marker raised in which cancer?

Answer 13

Medullary thyroid cancer

Question 14

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is raised in the presence of which cancer?

Answer 14

Colorectal cancer

Question 15

CD20 is a tumour marker raised in which cancer?

Answer 15

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 16

CgA is a marker for which type of cancers?

Answer 16

Neuroendocrine tumours

Question 17

Chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21 are all involved in which cancer?

Answer 17

Bladder cancer

Question 18

Metastatic spread of which cancers can circulating tumours cells of epithelial origin (CELLSEARCH) found in blood, be associated with?

Answer 18

Breast
Prostate
Colorectal

Question 19

Cytokeratin fragment 21-1 is associated with which cancer?

Answer 19

Lung cancer

Question 20

EGFR gene mutation analysis is relayed to which type of cancer?

Answer 20

Non-small cell lung cancer

Question 21

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are associated with which caner?

Answer 21

Breast cancer

Question 22

HE4 is associated with which cancer?

Answer 22

Ovarian

Question 23

HER2 is associated with which cancers? (3)

Answer 23

1. Breast
2. Gastric
3. Gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma

Question 24

KRAS gene mutation analysis is related to which two cancers?

Answer 24

1. Colorectal cancers

2. Non-small cell lung cancer

Question 25

Which marker is associated with pancreatic cancer?

Answer 25

CA19-9

Question 26

Which markers are associated with ovarian cancer? (4)

Answer 26

1. CA-125
2. BRCA 1 and 2
3. HE4
4. 5-Protein signature

Question 27

In addition to CA15-3 being a tumour marker for breast cancer, what else is it a marker for?

Answer 27

Lung and ovarian

Question 28

Lung cancer is associated with which tumour markers? (4)

Answer 28

CA15-3
CEA
ALK gene rearrangement
Cytokeratin fragment 21-1

Question 29

Which tumour markers are collected in the urine? (2)

Answer 29

1. Monoclonal immunoglobulins

2. hCG

Question 30

Which tumour markers are collected/measured via tissue samples?

Answer 30

1. Oestrogen receptor (ER)
2. Progesterone receptor (PR)
3. HER-2