Tumour lysis syndrome (chemotherapy complication)

Question 1

What is tumour lysis syndrome?

Answer 1

1. Life threatening metabolic derangement that occurs when malignant cells BREAKDOWN.
2. Content release
3. Leading to metabolic disturbances
4. Can cause hyperuricaemia, hyperkalaemia, hypocalcaemia.
5. Resulting in neuro, cardio and renal complications

Question 2

Give 3 risk factors for tumour lysis syndrome.

Answer 2

1. High tumour burden.
2. Pre-existing renal failure.
3. Increasing age.
4. High grade disease i.e. rapid cell turnover
5. On drugs that increase uric acid formation e.g. alcohol

Question 3

Describe the treatment of tumour lysis syndrome.

Answer 3

1. Aggressive hydration.
2. Monitor electrolytes.
3. Drugs to reduce uric acid production e.g. Allopurinol or Rasburicase
4. Refer for dialysis if required