Tumors Flashcards
1
Q
fibrillary astrocytoma
A
- found in cerebral hemispheres; cortex w/ no specificity for any particular region
- young adults 20-40yo
- present w/ seizures, headache; no focal neuro deficits
- imaging = diffuse tumor; poor prognosis
2
Q
glioblastoma multiforme
A
- poor prognosis = 8-10m to live
- older adults
- arises w/o pre-existing tumor; rapid progression
- hallmark = necrosis; pronounced mass effect and edema
3
Q
pilocytic astrocytoma
A
- young adults and kids
- in the cerebellum; could get into optic pathway
- presents w/ gait problems; hydrocephalus if big enough to obstruct CSF flow
- appears as solid, brightly contrasted mass w/ associated cyst
4
Q
brainstem glioma
A
- seen up to about age 20; most common pediatric glioma
- in pons, medulla
- sensory problems, cardio/resp problems
5
Q
oligodendroglioma
A
- young and middle-aged adults
- lesion in cerebral hemisphere = where white matter is = where myelin is
- generally w/in frontal and temporal lobes
- commonly see calcification w/in tumor
6
Q
ependymoma
A
- ependymal cells line the ventricular system and spinal cord
- if tumor in ventricles = kid pt
- tumor in spinal cord = adult pt
- if at filum terminale = myxopapillary ependymoma
- will see rosettes in microscopy
7
Q
colloid cyst
A
- 3rd ventricle; benign
- seen in adults 20-50yo
- causes non-communicating hydrocephalus = lateral ventricles dilated
- present w/ headaches; possibly positional
8
Q
central neurocytoma
A
- intraventricular - usually attached to septum pellucidum
- adults age 25-30
- N/V, headache from obstructive hydrocephalus
- slow-growing, benign
9
Q
medulloblastoma
A
- in kids up to about age 20
- cerebellum
- malignant but very radiosensitive
- good prognosis if dx early and do radiation therapy
10
Q
primary CNS lymphomas
A
- seen in immunosuppressed pts = HIV, SLE highest risk
- after age 60 usually
- key feature = invading other regions of the brain i.e. crossing the corpus callosum
11
Q
craniopharyngioma
A
- seen in young kids (10-14) and elderly (60+)
- located above sella tursica = where optic chiasm is = present w/ bitemporal hemianopsia i.e. tunnel vision
- benign (not a glial cell); can cause non-communicating hydrocephalus
- commonly calcify
12
Q
most common tumors in kids?
A
- medulloblastomas
- fibrocytic astrocytomas
- craniopharyngiomas
13
Q
meningioma
A
- benign, seen in adults (more women b/c tumor has estrogen receptors)
- usually attached to dura
- can be in any region
14
Q
metastatic brain tumors
A
- lung, breast, skin most common; also kidney and GI
- show up as multiple lesions on imaging; a primary malignancy shows only one lesion
- frequent site = meninges
15
Q
schwannomas
A
- benign; from neural crest cells
- SOL in brainstem, spinal cord
- CNVIII involvement = hearing losses, tinnitus = acoustic neuroma
