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Foundations 4 SG > Tumors > Flashcards

Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Glial cells of brain & spinal cord

  • star shaped glial cells, give support to endothelial cells of BBB
  • Help w/ maintenance, repair, transporting nutrients
A

Astrocyte

(Astrocytoma)

(astro = stars)

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2
Q
  • Support & insulation for neurons
  • Help w/ homeostasis, myelin
  • Include 4 cell types, what are they?
A

Glial Cells

  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Astrocytes
  • Ependymal cells
  • Microglial cells
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3
Q

What is the most common primary intra-axial brain tumor?

A

Astrocytoma

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4
Q

Which grade of astrocytoma?

  • Special astrocytoma such as: pilocytic astrocytoma
A

Grade 1

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5
Q

Which grade of astrocytoma?

  • Low-grade astrocytoma
A

Grade 1 and 2

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6
Q

Which grade of astrocytoma?

  • Anaplastic astrocytoma (malignant)
A

Grade 3

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7
Q

Which grade of astrocytoma?

  • Glioblastoma / Glioblastoma Multiforme / GBM
  • (malignant)
A

Grade 4

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8
Q
  • More common in children and young adults
  • Low degree of cellularity w/ preservation of normal brain tissue within tumor
  • They do not always behave benign, and can undergo malignant transformation over a period of years
A

Grade 2 & 3 Astrocytoma

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9
Q

What is the most common presenting symptoms of Grade 1 & 2 Astrocytoma?

*** on exam ***

A

Seizures (50%)

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10
Q

What tx for Low Grade 1 Astrocytoma can be currative?

A

Surgical resection

(Chemo and Radiation if non-operable)

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11
Q

Tx for seizures from Low grade (1&2) Astrocytomas

A

AEDs (anti epileptic drugs)

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12
Q
  • Considered malignant gliomas (form of astrocytoma)
  • Anaplastic astrocytoma
    • slower growing / slower onset of sxs
    • Prognosis ___ yrs, but varies depending on age at dx
    • mean age at dx is ___ y/o
A

Astrocytoma grade 3 & 4

  • 3 - 5
  • 30
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13
Q

2 types of grade 3&4 astrocytomas

A
  • Anaplastic astrocytoma
  • Glioblastoma
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14
Q

Astrocytoma Grade 4

Glioblastoma

  • Prognosis is ____ months, but varies depending on age at dx
  • Mean age at dx is ___ yrs
  • “tentacles” out to brain tissue, so hard to resect al of tumor
A
  • 11 - 15
  • 64
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15
Q

Most common primary brain tumor

A

Glioblastoma

(glioblastoma multiforme) / GBM

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16
Q

Most deadly tumor

A

GBM

17
Q

Glioblastoma

  • ___ and ___ often present
  • Can spread throughout ____
  • Rarely ever ___ spread***
A
  • necrosis & edema
  • CSF
  • systemic
18
Q

3 Tx for Malignant Astrocytoma

A

Surgery: (resection / lobectomy) NOT currative

Radiation: (focal or stereotactic) / Whole brain

Chemotherapy: Temozolomide (currently the only chemo which can tx glial tumors

19
Q

Prognosis for Grade 1/2 Astrocytomas

A

7 - 10 years

20
Q

Prognosis for GBM

A

18 months survival

50% for pts under 40 y/o

10-20% for patients 40+ yrs

21
Q
  • Slow growing, extra-axial, benign tumors arising from arachnoid matter (outside of brain)
  • Resection is usually curative
  • Usually non-infiltrating (no necrosis)
  • Displaces brain tissue
  • Considered non-malignant mostly, but malignant forms exist
A

Meningioma

22
Q
  • Meningiomas occur between age __ to ___
  • More common in which sex?
A
  • 30 - 70
  • Women,
  • unless malignant = males
23
Q

Meningioma

  • Sxs occur rapidly or slowly?
  • What imaging?
  • __ needed to confirm dx
  • Location of tumor?
A
  • Slowly, usually associated w/ normal signs of agin
  • MRI
  • Surgical biopsy
  • Anywhere meningeal tissue is…. (arachnoid tissue = periphery)
24
Q

Which tx offers best chance for cure of Meningioma?

A

Complete surgical resection

(should be offered in all SYMPTOMATIC pts, if feasible)

25
Q

What tx is best for pts w/:

  • Few sxs / little to no swelling in adjacent brain tissue
  • Mild/minimal sxs w/ hx of tumors w/o negative effect on quality of life
  • Older pts w/ very slow progressing sxs
  • Those whom tx carries a significant risk
  • Those who choose to not have surgery
A

Observation

26
Q

Tx as adjunct therapy, esp for unresectable tumors

A

Radiation

27
Q

What tx has NO ROLE in management of Meningiomas

A

Chemotherapy

Foundations 4 SG (19 decks)

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