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Tumor Markers Flashcards

1
Q

ONCOFETAL ANITGENS (2)

A

1) Alpha-Feto Protein
2) Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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2
Q

Alpha-Feto prtoein is synthesized by?

A

Hepatocytes

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3
Q

Helps diagnose and guide the treatment of
Liver cancer

A

Alpha-Feto protein

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4
Q

Increased in acute and chronic hepatitis

A

Alpha-Feto protein

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5
Q

Also increased in testicular cancers & rare
types of ovarian cancer, Choriocarcinoma

A

Alpha-Feto protein

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6
Q

Indication of Hepatic Cancer

A

> 350 ng/mL

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7
Q

GI tract & pancreas in fetal development

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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8
Q

Diagnosis/Screen COLORECTAL CANCER

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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9
Q

Marker of GIT CANCER

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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10
Q

Increased in heavy smokers

A

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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11
Q

ENZYMES (4)

A

1) Prostate Specific Antigen
2) Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
3) Neuron specific Enolase (NSE)
4) Alkaline phosphatase

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12
Q

highly specific for prostate
cancer

A

Prostate Specific Antigen

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13
Q

Used to test prostatic cancer
Also for multiple myeloma & lung cancer

A

Prostatic acid phosphatase

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14
Q

Which is better, PAP or PSA?

A

PSA

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15
Q

Found in all prostate cells

A

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)

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16
Q

unlikely

A

<4ng/ml

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17
Q

gray zone

A

4-10ng/ml

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18
Q

most likely

A

> 10ng/ml

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19
Q

Enzyme found in testes

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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20
Q

Marker: Testicular Cancer & other germ cell tumors

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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21
Q

Used to monitor treatment effect and to watch for recurrence of disease

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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22
Q

Marker: NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS

A

Neuron specific Enolase (NSE)

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23
Q

For follow up of patients with small cell lung cancer or neuroblastoma

A

Neuron specific Enolase (NSE)

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24
Q

Abnormal levels of NSE

A

> 9 ug/mL

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25
Metastatic Cancer of bone, Hepatocellular cancer, Osteosarcoma, Lymphoma, Leukemia
Alkaline phosphatase
26
CANCER ANTIGENS (6)
1) CA 15-3 2) CA 125 3) CA 19-9 4) CA 27.29 5) CA 72-4 6) CA 50
27
used for Breast Cancer
CA 15-3
28
Also elevated in other cancers: Lung, Ovarian, benign breast conditions
CA 15-3
29
NV of CA 15-3
<30u/ml
30
Method used for cancer antigens
Immunoassay
31
LDH common for healthy individual
LDH 2
32
LDH for infected individual/disorders
LDH 1
33
Specimen used for prostatic acid phosphatase
Seminal fluid
34
standard marker = Epithelial Ovarian cancer
CA 125
35
Found in most serious endometrioid and clear carcinomas of the ovary
CA 125
36
Disadvantage of CA 125
can be missed in early stage
37
NV of CA 125
<35u/ml
38
Cancer antigen for colorectal cancer
CA 19-9
39
- Now used to detect pancreatic cancer - High in advanced stage & also in some conditions
CA 19-9
40
NV of CA 19-9
<37u/mL
41
use to follow patients with breast cancer during or after treatment
CA 27.29
42
CA 27.29 have same measurement with
CA 15-3
43
NV of CA 27.29
<40u/ml
44
(new)– ovarian & pancreatic cancer
CA 72-4
45
CA also stomach cancer
CA 72-4
46
gastric & pancreatic cancer (recurrence & treatment)
CA 50
47
Hormone: medullary-thyroid Carcinoma
Calcitonin
48
Calcitonin is produced by
parafollicular cells of thyroid
49
medullary thyroid carcinoma (values)
>100pg/ml
50
NV of Calcitonin
5-12pg/ml
51
Hormone: posterior pituitary tumors
ADH
52
made by neuroendocrine tumors Most sensitive for carcinoid tumors
Chromogranin A
53
Chromogranin A NV
<50ng/ml
54
Hormone: Pituitary adenoma
Growth Hormone
55
Insulin secreting tumors
C-peptide
56
C-peptide is measured by
ELISA
57
Another hormone for Pituitary Adenoma
Prolactin
58
Hormone: recurrent thyroid cancer
Thyroglobulin
59
Protein made by thyroid gland
Thyroglobulin
60
Successfully treated patients should have
undetectable levels in serum
61
Thyroglobulin can be measured by
Double antibody RIA, ELISA, Immunoradiometric assay
62
Hormone: Neuroblastoma, Pheochromocytoma, Paranganglionoma
Catecholamines
63
Hormone: Adrenal tumors
Cortisol
64
3 hormones: Pituitary adenoma
1. Growth hormone 2. Prolactin 3. Parathyroid hormone
65
Hormone: Carcinoid tumors
Serotonin
66
Serotonin is measured by
HPLC
67
blood proteins made by immune system
Immunoglobulins
68
Bone Marrow Cancer = multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia
Immunoglobulins
69
elevated in some testicular and Ovarian cancer Choriocarcinoma Increase in some mediastinal germ cell tumors
Beta-human Chorionic gonadotropin
70
protein found on most melanoma cells
S-100
71
increased levels of S-100 =
metastatic melanoma
72
Used to look on melanoma spread before, during and after treatment
S-100
73
increase in Multiple myeloma, CLL, some lymphomas Also increase in Kidney disease, hepatitis
Beta 2 Microglobulin
74
NV of Beta 2 Microglobulin
<2.5mg/L
75
protein found on nucleus of cells
Nuclear matrix protein
76
Increased level of Nuclear matrix protein (>10u/ml) =
Bladder cancer
77
– protein on outer melanoma cells - Used to look for spread of melanoma
TA-90
78
Found in urine with Bladder cancer Reported as = (+) or (-) Checked along with NMP for recurrence
Bladder Tumor Antigen (BTA)
79
Breast cancer tumor (receptors)
Estrogen and Progesterone
80
Receptor found on cells and helps them grow
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
81
EGFR is also known as
HER 1
82
Used to asses growth of cancer cells (RECEPTOR)
EGFR
83
EGFR is reported as
%
84
Increase in Breast cancers, Stomach cancer (receptor)
HER 2
85
Sample used for HER 2
tumor
86
- Gene used in assessing colorectal cancer - Used as guide on treatment of colorectal cancer
V-ki-ras2 / Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)
87
an abnormal gene
BCR-ABL
88
Marker for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
BCR-ABL
89
Method used for BCR-ABL
PCR

CC2 LAB (1 decks)

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