Tumor Markers Flashcards
They are substances that are synthesized and released by cancer cells or made
by other tissues in response to the presence of cancer cells. These markers may be present in the blood, in other fluids, on cells, or within cells
Tumor markers
______________ exist as normal proteins in the embryo and fetus and are also
found in certain tumors.
Oncofetal antigens
It is an oncofetal antigen used to assess tumors of the COLON. It is not as specific as once thought, and not all colon cancers have elevated ___levels.
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
It is an oncofetal antigen used to determine the presence
of hepatic tumors (hepatoma) and testicular tumors.
α-Fetoprotein (AFP)
It is a glycoprotein oncofetal antigen that appears in the serum of patients with OVARIAN CANCER
Carbohydrate-associated antigen (CA-125)
It is another glycoprotein oncofetal antigen associated with GASTROINTESTINAL TUMORS
CA-19
It is an oncofetal antigen that is important in
screening and monitoring patients with PROSTATE CARCINOMA
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
___________is typically used to determine pregnancy; however, high levels can indicate tumors of the testes or ovaries, as well as trophoblastic neoplasia
Chorionic gonadotropin (CG)
Certain enzymes elevations can indicate the presence of cancer cells such as _____________ for BONE CANCER.
alkaline phosphatase
_____________ are analytes that are utilized to assess the occurrence of myocardial
infarction (MI) or the extent of damage produced by cardiovascular disease. These markers are proteins or enzymes (creatine kinase in particular) and display a variety of specificities and timelines of appearance.
Cardiac Markers
___________ is a protein found in muscle tissue
Troponin (Tn)
___________ is an oxygen-binding heme protein present in cardiac and skeletal muscle
and is relatively nonspecific
Myoglobin
