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Clin Chem 2 > Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Tumor Markers Flashcards

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1
Q

2 major processes in cell growth

A

proliferation and differentiation

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2
Q

increase cell number through cell division

A

proliferation

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3
Q

converts one cell type to another cell type

A

differentiation

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4
Q

disease of an abnormal growth

A

cancer

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5
Q

formation of cells with uncontrollable growth and dev’t

A

tumorigenesis

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6
Q

pathologic form of hyperplasia, genetic, irreversible

A

neoplasia

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7
Q

caused by injury, reversible

A

hyperplasia

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8
Q

small cell size, but not dead

A

atrophy

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9
Q

increase cell size but don’t divide

A

hypertrophy

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10
Q

cells change from one cell type to another cell type

A

metaplasia

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11
Q

abnormal new mass of tissue w/ no purpose

A

tumor

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12
Q

types of tumors

A

benign & malignant

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13
Q

non-cancerous, do not metastasize, grow slowly, well-differentiated

A

benign

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14
Q

cancerous, metastasize, grows rapidly, not well-differentiated

A

malignant

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15
Q

different forms of cancer

A

solid and diffuse tumors

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16
Q

malignant tumors from epithelial cells

A

carcinoma

17
Q

malignant tumors from connective tissue/mesenchymal cells

A

sarcoma

18
Q

malignant tumor from hematopoietic cells

A

lymphoma and leukemia

19
Q

malignant tumor from totipotent cells

A

germ cell tumor

20
Q

first growth in interphase.

A

G1 phase

21
Q

2nd growth in interphase

A

G2 phase

22
Q

synthesis of genetic material

A

S phase

23
Q

markers related in apoptosis

A

p53 protein, bcl 2, Fas/Fas Ligand

24
Q

new blood vessel formation

A

angiogenesis

25
Q

signs and symptoms of cancer

A

CAUTION

26
Q

produced by tumor cells/other cells in response to cancer/benign conditions

A

tumor markers

27
Q

tumor markers are found in blood only (t/f)

A

false. blood, urine, tumor tissues etc.

28
Q

adult cells become primitive cells

A

dedifferentiation

29
Q

uses of tumor markers

A

screening, monitoring, prognosis, early detection, target therapy

30
Q

indicates that cancer is more likely to occur

A

risk marker

31
Q

types of tumor markers

A

enzyme serum proteins and hormones, carcinoembryonic proteins, monoclonal defined tumor markers, non specific, cell specific

32
Q

types of carcinoembryonic tumor marker

A

CEA and AFP

33
Q

type of non specific marker

A

LASA-P

34
Q

give monoclonal defined tumor marker

A

CA 125, CA 15-3, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, FREE PSA

35
Q

recommendations for test ordering

A

ordering serial tests, using same kit, half-life of tumor marker, hook effect

36
Q

major fetal serum and carcinoembryonic protein

A

alpha 1-feto protein

Clin Chem 2 (1 decks)

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