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Immunology > Tumor Immunology > Flashcards

Tumor Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the oncofetal antigens?

A

CEA- elevated (>2.5ng/mL) in GI cancers especially colon cancer
AFP- elevated especially in liver cancer- normal AFP IS 20ng/mL, >500 diagnostic for cancer
Serum CEA and AFP are used to monitor treatment efficacy - should decline if treatment successful

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2
Q

What are the over expressed normal proteins?

A

HER2- breast and ovarian cancers
PSA- prostate cancer and benign hypertrophy/prostatitis
CA-125- ovarian cancer, increased during peritoneal inflammation

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3
Q

What are M proteins and Ben Jones proteins markers for?

A

Multiple myeloma- most common primary neoplasm of the skeletal system
Burkitt lymphoma
M protein (myeloma) elevated in urine and serum
Ben jones proteins elevated in urine

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4
Q

What is c-myc?

A

Translocation from chromosome 8 to chromosome 2,14 or 22
Induces Burkitt lymphoma
Associated with EBV infection

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5
Q

What is Philadelphia chromosome?

A

Shortened chromosome 22 resulting from reciprocal translocation between BCR gene on chromosome 22 and ABL gene on chromosome 9
Causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
BCR/ABL gene encodes a tyrosine kinase that causes uncontrolled cellular proliferation

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6
Q

Wha are the oncogenic viruses?

A 
EBV—>Burkitt lymphoma
HTLV-1—> adult T cell leukemia
HTLV-2—>hairy cell leukemia
HPV—>cervical cancer, skin cancer
HBV,HCV—> liver cancer 
HHV8—> kaposi sarcoma
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7
Q

What is RIA or ELISA used for?

A

Detect tumor antigens shed into blood or urine ie CEA,AFP,PSA,CA-125

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8
Q

What is Radioimmunodetection (RAID) immunoscintigraphy used for?

A

Radiolabeled monoclonal antibody B72.3 specific for a pancarcinoma antigen

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9
Q

What is electrophoresis used for?

A

Detects myeloma and Ben Jones proteins

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10
Q

What is cytogenetic analysis used for?

A

Detects deletions, inversions, translocations

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11
Q

What is radiography used for?

A

Detects punch lesions in multiple myeloma

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12
Q

What is immunohistochemistry used for?

A

Detects and measures tumor antigens in tissue biopsies

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13
Q

What is FISH used for?

A

Measures number of copies of specific oncogenes

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14
Q

What are the oncogenic viruses that you can be vaccinated against?

A

HBV

HPV

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15
Q

What is the target of Rituximab?

A

CD20 on cancerous B cells

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16
Q

What is the target of Trastuzumab?

A

HER-2 on breast and ovarian cancer

17
Q

What is the target of Bevacizumab?

A

VEGF on many cancers

Immunology (8 decks)

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