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Immunology Block 4 > Tumor Immunology > Flashcards

Tumor Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

indirect evidence that immune system protects against tumors

A

tumors more common in ppl who are immunosuppressed
in vitro experimental evidence
lymphoid infiltrates around tumors correlate with better prognosis

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2
Q

Cd8 is reliant on what for tumors

A

Th1

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3
Q

gamma delta t cells can reocgnize

A

stress cells

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4
Q

gama delta cells recognize the same stress signals as a subpopulation of

A

NK cells

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5
Q

what is equilibrium phase

A

the tumor develops and some cells might become resistant

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6
Q

review pg 7

A

pg 7

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7
Q

most importatnt cells in fighting tumors

A

CTL (CD8)
CD4
NK cell
macrophages

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8
Q

in some tumor enviornments macrophages are promoted to differentiate into TAM - what do they do

A

they suppress the immune repsonse

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9
Q

what does CD8 do for tumor cells

A

mediate lysis

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10
Q

what does CD4 do for tumor cells

A

helper role

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11
Q

hat do NK cells do for tumor cells

A

cell killing

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12
Q

three ways CTL and NK kill tumors

A
  1. perforin & granzymes
  2. FasL/Fas
  3. cell surface expressed TNF alpha
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13
Q

how long does perofrin & granzymes take to kill cell

A

minutes

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14
Q

how long does FasL/Fas take to kill cell

A

over two hours

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15
Q

how long does cell expressed TNF alpha to kill cell

A

over 24 hours

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16
Q

two main classes of antigens recognized in tumors

A

tumor specific antigens

tumor associated antigens

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17
Q

TSA stand for

A

tumor specific antigen

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18
Q

TSA are

A

unique cancer clone=specific tumor antigens

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19
Q

antigens expressed on cancer/tumor cells but no on normal cells are

A

TSA

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20
Q

what is example of Antigens expressed on cancer/tumor cells but not on normal cells

A

E6 & E7 of HPV

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21
Q

what is example of Unique cancer clone-specific Tumor Antigens

A

Chemical/radiation induced cancers.

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22
Q

what does TAA stand for

A

tumor associated antigens

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23
Q

mutated protein think

A

TSA

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24
Q

TAA describe

A

Over-expressed normal proteins

Re-expressed normal proteins

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25
Q

re-exprssed protein think

A

TAA

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26
Q

over=expressed prtoein think

A

TAA

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27
Q

E6 and E7 are examples of

A

TSA

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28
Q

TSA are often due to what mutation

A

point mutations

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29
Q

describe mtuated anchor residue

A

mutation that allows the peptide to bind to MHC, so it wouldnot have been presented in the thymus, so it can result in peptide that you have not negatively selected your T cells aginst

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30
Q

describe mutated epitope residue

A

TCR contact residue
alter the upward pointing aa on peptide already being presented, it wil look different to self peptide so will still not have had negative selection

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31
Q

mutated anchor residuea nd mutated epitope residue are they TSA or TAA

A

TSA - theya re about mutations!

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32
Q

ras mutations, TSA or TAA

A

TSA

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33
Q

overexpressssed Her-2/neu, TSA or TAA

A

TAA

34
Q

re-expressed genes, TSA or TAA

A

TAA

35
Q

prostate specific antigen, TSA or TAA

A

specific for prostate not for the cancer, so

TAA

36
Q

Ig idiotypes on B cells, TSA or TAA?

A

TSA

37
Q

HLA class I down-regulation of tumor it would leave them susceptible to

A

NK cells killing

38
Q

if tumor cell lost MHC class I no inhibitory signal for

A

NK cells

39
Q

if tumor cell loses antigen variants they can evade

A

antibody and CTL responses

40
Q

if tumor loses co-stimulatory molecules, then what

A

leads to induction ot t cell antergy

41
Q

if tumor produces TFG beta then

A

inhibits cell -mediated resposnes

induces regulatory t cells

42
Q

if tumor turns on FasL (express fasL on surface)

A

T cell apoptosis

43
Q

if tumor has mucopolysaccharide secretion then

A

its a physical barrier to protect them

44
Q

review mechanisms for tumor evasion

A

pg 18

45
Q

secretion of IL10 bu tumor cell can induce

A

downregulation of CD86 on dendritic cells

46
Q

selection for outgrowth of tumor cells that have lost what immune system is recognizing allows cells that have mutated so they don’t express them to

A

have an advatnage and outgrow

47
Q

establishment of regulatory t cells in tumor enviornemnt (secrete cytokines to differentiate into Treg) then

A

t reg suppress activity of CTL and Th1 cells

48
Q

establishmnt of mucopolysaccharide barrier around growing tumor

A

slows the immune system to getting to the tumor

49
Q

all nucleated cells in our body express

A

MHC1

50
Q

tumor cells, like porstate cancer, are devoid of expresseing MHC

A

class I

51
Q

loss of MHC I expression

A

the cells are suscpetible to killing by NK cells

52
Q

remove receptor for activating receptor on NK cells when cell has lost MHC I expression to

A

evade killing by NK cells

53
Q

describe tumor cells and response to NK cells

A

pg 21

54
Q

MIC A and MIC B are induced when

A

by stress

55
Q

MIC a and MIC Bare recognized by

A

NK cells and by gamma delta t cells

56
Q

immunotherapies -vaccination, give examples

A

HBV, HPV

57
Q

cytokines are immunotherapies, give examples

A

IFN-alpha – NK cell activation
IFN-gamma – activates CTL, up-regulates HLA
IL-2 – stimulates T cell and NK cell proliferation

58
Q

TIL stand for

A

tumor infiltrating lymphocyte

59
Q

BCG is

A

vaccine for TB

60
Q

BCG works really well in what cacncer

A

bladder cancer

61
Q

why does BCG help bladder cancer

A

promotes inflammation and helps prevent reoccurance of tumor

62
Q

monoclonal antibodies as anti-tumor

A

they are by themselves or conjugated to toxin

63
Q

problem with vaccination

A

once tumor is etablished they can be very differnet from each other - it is betteri fyou catch tumor early when it is more heterogenous

64
Q

give examples of vaccation of cancer pts with tumor antigens

A

DNA vaccine (encoding tumor antigen)
Recombinant vector vaccine (encoding tumor antigen)
Antigen–loaded dendritic cell vaccine

65
Q

Antigen–loaded dendritic cell vaccine

means

A

Autologous DCs incubated in vitro with tumor
antigens and re-infused into patient to stimulate
anti-tumor immune response.

66
Q

vaccine currently in use to prevent cervical cancer

A

HPV

67
Q

HPV is not treatment it is

A

preventative

68
Q

antibody binding to tumor antigen on surface and then the NK binding through gamma, what is it called

A

ADDC

69
Q

ADDC is important mechanism of

A

elimiation of tumors following monoclonal antibodies

70
Q

monoclonal antibodies can be conjugated with toxins to allow

A

you to deliver toxin directly to tumor cell

71
Q

why would you preferentially use a fab portion to deliver toxin or radioneucleid

A

if you use the complete antibody the fc portion will bind to any cells with fc receptors
they penetrate tissues more readily than the complete antibody

72
Q

ximab means

A

chimeric monoclonal antibody

73
Q

zumab means

A

humanized antibody

74
Q

mumab means

A

fully human

75
Q

what isn’t humanzied in zumab

A

ust the tips CDR (look up)

76
Q

carcinoembryonic antigen: TSA or TAA

A

TAA

77
Q

mutated p53: TSA or TAA

A

TSA

78
Q

tyrosinase in melanocytes: TSA or TAA

A

TAA

79
Q

HPV E6 protein: TSA or TAA

A

TSA

80
Q

PSA (prostate specific antigen): TSA or TAA

A

TAA

81
Q

CD2- in B cell lymphoma: TSA or TAA

A

TAA

Immunology Block 4 (10 decks)

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