Tumor Immunology Flashcards by Rebecca Ruthberg

indirect evidence that immune system protects against tumors

tumors more common in ppl who are immunosuppressed
in vitro experimental evidence
lymphoid infiltrates around tumors correlate with better prognosis

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Cd8 is reliant on what for tumors

Th1

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gamma delta t cells can reocgnize

stress cells

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gama delta cells recognize the same stress signals as a subpopulation of

NK cells

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what is equilibrium phase

the tumor develops and some cells might become resistant

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review pg 7

pg 7

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most importatnt cells in fighting tumors

CTL (CD8)
CD4
NK cell
macrophages

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in some tumor enviornments macrophages are promoted to differentiate into TAM - what do they do

they suppress the immune repsonse

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what does CD8 do for tumor cells

mediate lysis

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what does CD4 do for tumor cells

helper role

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hat do NK cells do for tumor cells

cell killing

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three ways CTL and NK kill tumors

perforin & granzymes
FasL/Fas
cell surface expressed TNF alpha

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how long does perofrin & granzymes take to kill cell

minutes

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how long does FasL/Fas take to kill cell

over two hours

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how long does cell expressed TNF alpha to kill cell

over 24 hours

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two main classes of antigens recognized in tumors

tumor specific antigens

tumor associated antigens

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TSA stand for

tumor specific antigen

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TSA are

unique cancer clone=specific tumor antigens

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antigens expressed on cancer/tumor cells but no on normal cells are

TSA

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what is example of Antigens expressed on cancer/tumor cells but not on normal cells

E6 & E7 of HPV

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what is example of Unique cancer clone-specific Tumor Antigens

Chemical/radiation induced cancers.

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what does TAA stand for

tumor associated antigens

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mutated protein think

TSA

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TAA describe

Over-expressed normal proteins

Re-expressed normal proteins

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re-exprssed protein think

TAA

over=expressed prtoein think

TAA

E6 and E7 are examples of

TSA

TSA are often due to what mutation

point mutations

describe mtuated anchor residue

mutation that allows the peptide to bind to MHC, so it wouldnot have been presented in the thymus, so it can result in peptide that you have not negatively selected your T cells aginst

describe mutated epitope residue

TCR contact residue alter the upward pointing aa on peptide already being presented, it wil look different to self peptide so will still not have had negative selection

mutated anchor residuea nd mutated epitope residue are they TSA or TAA

TSA - theya re about mutations!

ras mutations, TSA or TAA

TSA

overexpressssed Her-2/neu, TSA or TAA

TAA

re-expressed genes, TSA or TAA

TAA

prostate specific antigen, TSA or TAA

specific for prostate not for the cancer, so | TAA

Ig idiotypes on B cells, TSA or TAA?

TSA

HLA class I down-regulation of tumor it would leave them susceptible to

NK cells killing

if tumor cell lost MHC class I no inhibitory signal for

NK cells

if tumor cell loses antigen variants they can evade

antibody and CTL responses

if tumor loses co-stimulatory molecules, then what

leads to induction ot t cell antergy

if tumor produces TFG beta then

inhibits cell -mediated resposnes | induces regulatory t cells

if tumor turns on FasL (express fasL on surface)

T cell apoptosis

if tumor has mucopolysaccharide secretion then

its a physical barrier to protect them

review mechanisms for tumor evasion

pg 18

secretion of IL10 bu tumor cell can induce

downregulation of CD86 on dendritic cells

selection for outgrowth of tumor cells that have lost what immune system is recognizing allows cells that have mutated so they don't express them to

have an advatnage and outgrow

establishment of regulatory t cells in tumor enviornemnt (secrete cytokines to differentiate into Treg) then

t reg suppress activity of CTL and Th1 cells

establishmnt of mucopolysaccharide barrier around growing tumor

slows the immune system to getting to the tumor

all nucleated cells in our body express

MHC1

tumor cells, like porstate cancer, are devoid of expresseing MHC

class I

loss of MHC I expression

the cells are suscpetible to killing by NK cells

remove receptor for activating receptor on NK cells when cell has lost MHC I expression to

evade killing by NK cells

describe tumor cells and response to NK cells

pg 21

MIC A and MIC B are induced when

by stress

MIC a and MIC Bare recognized by

NK cells and by gamma delta t cells

immunotherapies -vaccination, give examples

HBV, HPV

cytokines are immunotherapies, give examples

IFN-alpha – NK cell activation IFN-gamma – activates CTL, up-regulates HLA IL-2 – stimulates T cell and NK cell proliferation

TIL stand for

tumor infiltrating lymphocyte

BCG is

vaccine for TB

BCG works really well in what cacncer

bladder cancer

why does BCG help bladder cancer

promotes inflammation and helps prevent reoccurance of tumor

monoclonal antibodies as anti-tumor

they are by themselves or conjugated to toxin

problem with vaccination

once tumor is etablished they can be very differnet from each other - it is betteri fyou catch tumor early when it is more heterogenous

give examples of vaccation of cancer pts with tumor antigens

DNA vaccine (encoding tumor antigen) Recombinant vector vaccine (encoding tumor antigen) Antigen–loaded dendritic cell vaccine

Antigen–loaded dendritic cell vaccine | means

Autologous DCs incubated in vitro with tumor antigens and re-infused into patient to stimulate anti-tumor immune response.

vaccine currently in use to prevent cervical cancer

HPV

HPV is not treatment it is

preventative

antibody binding to tumor antigen on surface and then the NK binding through gamma, what is it called

ADDC

ADDC is important mechanism of

elimiation of tumors following monoclonal antibodies

monoclonal antibodies can be conjugated with toxins to allow

you to deliver toxin directly to tumor cell

why would you preferentially use a fab portion to deliver toxin or radioneucleid

if you use the complete antibody the fc portion will bind to any cells with fc receptors they penetrate tissues more readily than the complete antibody

ximab means

chimeric monoclonal antibody

zumab means

humanized antibody

mumab means

fully human

what isn't humanzied in zumab

ust the tips CDR (look up)

carcinoembryonic antigen: TSA or TAA

TAA

mutated p53: TSA or TAA

TSA

tyrosinase in melanocytes: TSA or TAA

TAA

HPV E6 protein: TSA or TAA

TSA

PSA (prostate specific antigen): TSA or TAA

TAA

CD2- in B cell lymphoma: TSA or TAA

TAA