Tumor Immunology

Question 1

Who is at a higher risk for tumor occurrence or recurrence

Answer 1

immunosuppressed individuals

Question 2

Do tumors trigger immune response?

Answer 2

Yes, mice immunized with Tumor A, survive transplant of tumor A but not tumor B (anamnestic)

Question 3

Immune surveillance theory

Answer 3

mechanisms responsible for allograft rejections evolved as a means to defend against spontaneous neoplasms

Question 4

Solid tumors

Answer 4

shown lymphocytic and monocytic infiltrates

Question 5

Innate immunity is mediated by _______ and recognize

Answer 5

NK cells and recognize a lack of self HLA on cells (tumor cells) using KIRs

Question 6

Adaptive humoral immunity in tumor cell immune response

Answer 6

IgG and IgM and complement may lyse tumor cells, activated phagocytes destroy tumor cells opsonized with IgG, neutralization by sterically interfering with tumor cells ability to adhere, ADCC

Question 7

ADCC kills tumor cells by

Answer 7

IgG bindign antigenz on tumor cells, attracting K cells with Fc receptors (NK, CTL, eosinophil, Mo, neutrophil), K cell in close contact released apoptotic substances

Question 8

Adaptive cell-mediated response to tumor cells

Answer 8

activated CD8+ (Th1 IL-2 activation) destroy tumor cells

Question 9

activated macrophage response to tumor cells

Answer 9

release lysosoma enzymes and TNF-alpha onto tumor cell surface

Question 10

lymphokine-activated natural killer cells (LAK) response to tumor cells

Answer 10

retrieval of cancer patient’s lymphoid cells, stimulation with IL-2 in vivo, followed by transfusion back to patient (lacks success)

Question 11

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes response to tumor cells

Answer 11

NK cells and T cells retreived from cancer patient’s, stimulated with IL-2 in vivo, followed by transfusion back to patient (lacks success)

Question 12

CD4+ T helper cells response to tumor cells

Answer 12

produced cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-2) that activate macrophages and upregulate HLA class I (tumor cells) and II (APC) and activates NK cells and CTL

Question 13

Immunologically privileged sites

Answer 13

eye, brain, gonads, outer skin

Question 14

tumors arising in Immunologically privileged sites

Answer 14

cells of immune system cannot access it

Question 15

Tumor cells may inhibit T cell function by producing

Answer 15

prostaglandins and Th1 inhibiting IL-10

Question 16

Anergy

Answer 16

a lack of reaction by the body’s defense mechanisms to foreign substances

Question 17

Tumor cell production of TGF-beta

Answer 17

inhibit Th1 response, decrease NK cytolytic activity, inhibit antigen uptake, dampen CD4 and CD8 T cells function

Question 18

Antigenic modulation

Answer 18

tumor cell survival due to constantly changing antigenic make-up

Question 19

tumor cells may secrete antigens to

Answer 19

bind antibodies in circulation preventing them from binding the tumor cell

Question 20

Blocking antibodies on tumor cells

Answer 20

prevent CTL recognition and do not lead to cell death

Question 21

Tumor mass

Answer 21

size of tumor is inversely proportional to the ability of the immune system to destroy it

Question 22

Monoclonal antibodies used to kill tumor cells

Answer 22

target surface antigen of cancer cell, ADCC kills cell, antibody may be conjugated to a toxic substance

Question 23

Rituximab

Answer 23

anti-CD-20 target B cells in B cell lymphoma

Question 24

Her2/neu protein

Answer 24

targets breast and ovarian cancer cells

Question 25

Cetruximab

Answer 25

anti-EGFR targets colorectal cancer and head/neck cancer

Question 26

Tositumomab

Answer 26

anti-CD-20 conjugated to toxic iodine 131 treatment for non-hodgins lymphoma