Tumor Classification/Determining the Type of Tumor Flashcards
What are the main tumor histopathologic types (4)
- benign
- malignant
- carcinomas
- sarcomas
the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?
- closely resembles the tissue or origin (well-differentiated)
- typically slow growing and are encapsulated
- rarely spread or metastasize
benign
the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?
- most common tumors
- spread through lymphatics
- malignant tumors of this histopath. occur in epithelial tissue
Carcinomas
give some examples of carcinomas (give 2)
- adenocarcinoma
- squamous cell
what is the MOST COMMON tumor histopathology?
Carcinomas
_____ tissues, are tissues, that include tissues that cover or line a cavity
epithelial
how do carcinomas spread?
through the lymphatics
the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?
- spread through the bloodstream
- malignant tumors of this histopath. arise from mesenchymal cells or connective tissue
sarcomas
how do sarcomas spread?
through the bloodstream
what is another term for “spreading through the bloodstream”?
the following description is describing what tumor histopathology?
- can spread or metastasize
- grow rapidly and are life threatening
- do not resemble the tissue of origin (anaplastic)
malignant
define “anaplastic”
not resembling tissue of origin
which tumor histopathology is typically anaplastic
malignant tumors
define well-differentiated
closely resembling tissue of origin; homogenous group
define undifferentiated
NOT resembling tissue of origin; heterogenous group
where can sarcomas occur? (3)
typically in bone, soft tissue, or connective tissue
the STAGE or GRADE explains how aggressive a tumor
GRADE
what does a higher grade mean for a tumor? Lower grade?
higher grade = more aggressive
lower grade = less aggressive
explain what the Grade of a tumor describes -
the aggressiveness of a tumor; how differentiated the tumor is
grades are ranked ___ to ____
1 to 4
lower grade numbers mean what?
what about higher grade numbers?
lower grades = a well differentiated tumor, that is less likely to metastasize
higher grades = a undifferentiated/less differentiated tumor, that is likely to metastasize
_____ = undetermined grade
“GX”
the STAGE or GRADE explains the size and depth of tumor
STAGE
you can stage _______, ________, or both
clinically, pathologically, or both
“cTNM”, “pTNM”…
_________ staging depicts the extent of the tumor
TNM
__ = size of the primary tumor and invasion
(which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)
T
__ = regional lymph node involvement
(which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)
N
__ = presence of metastatic disease
(which letter correlates to the above, out of TNM)
M
__ = undetermined
X
numerical subscripts of TNM show extent of the _____
example (T1 N2 M3)
subgroup
what staging system is used for GYN cancers?
FIGO
what staging system is used for colorectal tumors?
Dukes
what staging system is used for lymphatic staging?
Ann Arbor
the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)
and
Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)
both are _____ systems
both are staging systems
in the Ann Arbor staging system, what does “A” or “B” describe?
B = there being a LACK of symptoms
A = symptoms are PRESENT
