tuesday

Question 1

Who are the 4 key scholars?

Answer 1

Jeremy Bentham
J.S. Mill
Immanuel Kant
Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 2

What are the 3 key moral experiments?

Answer 2

The survival lottery
The trolly problem
The bridge

Question 3

Explain The Survival lottery.

Answer 3

John Harris suggests that if organ donation saves more individuals than it would kill (e.g. one donor could save 3 lives), then should we have a lottery where people are drawn out and sacrifice themselves to allow 3 people to live?

Question 4

Explain The Trolley problem

Answer 4

Philippa Foot asks if we should pull the lever to kill only one person or do nothing, leading to the certain death of 5?

Question 5

Who said, “The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong.”

Answer 5

Jeremy Bentham

Question 6

Who said, “It is better to be a human dissatisfied than a pig satisfied.”

Answer 6

J.S. Mill

Question 7

Who said, “Duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law.”

Answer 7

Immanuel Kant

Question 8

Who said, “Two things fill the mind with ever-increasing wonder and awe, the more often and the more intensely the mind of thought is drawn to them: the starry heavens above me and the moral law within me.”

Answer 8

Immanuel Kant

Question 9

Who said, “You have your way, I have my way. As for the right way, it does not exist.”

Answer 9

Friedrich Nietzsche

Question 10

Explain The Bridge.

Answer 10

A runaway train is heading towards 5 people on the track, do you push the large stranger standing next to you off the bridge to save them?

Question 11

What is Divine Command Theory?

Answer 11

Divine command theory is the Christian belief that things are right or wrong because God commands them to be.

Question 12

What biblical rules might Divine Command Theory be based on?

Answer 12

The Ten Commandments
The Sermon on the Mount
Jesus’ Golden Rule to ‘Treat others how you want to be treated.’

Question 13

What type of approach is Divine Command theory?

Answer 13

Divine Command theory is an objective, deontological and absolutist approach; which means that it is very clear about what is right and wrong, but there is no flexibility and it cannot always be easily applied to modern life.

Question 14

What would deontological do in the survival lottery?

Answer 14

deontologists would say you shouldn’t kill someone to save 3 people because the nation of killing is not allowed.

Question 15

What are the strengths and weaknesses of act utilitarianism?

Answer 15

strengths: it helps the majority.
weaknesses: doesn’t consider the minorities, there are no rules and it doesn’t take into account your conscience and guilt.

Question 16

What are the strengths and weaknesses of situation ethics?

Answer 16

strengths: it is easy to understand because there is only one rule, it is flexible and practical.
weaknesses: it is subjective, people need laws and rules to guide them.

Question 17

What would consequentialists do in the survival lottery?

Answer 17

consequentialists would say they would allow the killing because the consequences of saving the lives of 3 people are good.

Question 18

What would an act utilitarian do in the survival lottery?

Answer 18

an act utilitarian would say they should have the survival lottery because it will maximise happiness.

Question 19

What quote would support relativism?

Answer 19

“You have your way, I have my way. As for the right way, it does not exist.”

Question 20

What quote would support absolution?

Answer 20

“Duty is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law.”

Question 21

In divine command theory what are jesus’ main teachings? (the golden rule)

Answer 21

'’Do to others as you would have them do to you’’