Tudors religion

Question 1

Presbyterians who opposed Liz

Answer 1

Came from Vesterian controversy- 1570- Thomas Cartwright- kicked out of Cambridge for criticising church
1572-Fields- publication criticising book of common prayers
Despite efforts made by Anthony cope- no parliamentary change- declined

Question 2

Separatists who opposed Liz

Answer 2

More radical Puritanism
Believed church couldn’t reform itself- criticised Liz
Robert Browne- separations leader who led congregations at Norwich- went into exile in Netherlands-1582-returned in 1585
Henry Burrow/John Greenwood- led movements led to 1593 act for seditious sectaries- both executed-1593

Question 3

Catholic reaction to Liz

Answer 3

1559 act of uniformity- Fines for not going to church- yet not strictly enforced
Liz wanted to remove Catholic imagery from churches- some still followed Catholic bishops, some held private ceremonies

Question 4

Catholics rebelling against Liz 1568-1572

Answer 4

1568- MQOS arrived in England- became focus of Catholics
1568- school set up in Netherlands- send missionaries to win back Catholics in England
1569- northern nobles rebelled- wanted MQOS as queen
1570- pope excommunicated- called Catholics to dispose of Liz
1571- Ridolfo plot to kill Liz
1572-French killing Protestants- didn’t want them to focus on Liz

Question 5

What church was like before Henrican reformation

Answer 5

1509- people followed church- involved in major life events-birth,death
People would pay to spend less time in purgatory
People believed they needed priest to talk to God
Countries didn’t want to anger pope

Question 6

Significance of church before Henrican reformation-political

Answer 6

Had own courts/ clerical law
Clergy had educated men- advised monarchy
Sat on House of Lords

Question 7

Significance of church before Henrican reformation-economic

Answer 7

Many of clergy- nobles- had important jobs
Moneh given from Clerics who taxed their land to Pope

Question 8

Significance of church before Henrican reformation-Social/cultural

Answer 8

Churches didn’t want to anger pope
Church encouraged community to control masses
Church bough people into Catholicism

Question 9

Church on Eve of reformation

Answer 9

Most supported church- some discontent in east anglia
Most people respected hierarchy- bit of disrespect toward to monks/ bishops
People still liked sacraments- less enthusiasm to 3d statues
People still paying church

Question 10

Groups critical of church- Henry

Answer 10

Lollards- believed church was corrupt wanted bible in English
Humanists- believed church was corrupt- not spending enough on education/ poor
Protestant- ideas came from Martin Luther in 1520’s- believed you didn’t need priest to talk to God- believed it was relationship with God not rituals that strengthened relationship

Question 11

Henrican reformation- changes to structure

Answer 11

Henry- head of church
Cromwell- Vicegerent of spirituals- above bishops and archbishops- position only lasted as long as him
6 new dioces- more organisation
Spiritual power still with (arch) bishops

Question 12

Monasteries- why important

Answer 12

800 dissolved- some of clergy leaving them- excuse for dissolution
Provided shelter for Christians-(monks)
Provided welfare for poor/ farm jobs- people worked on land

Question 13

Process of monasteries dissolution

Answer 13

1535- Valor ecclestrians- Cromwell inspection
1536- 6 people inspected
1536- Act for dissolution of monasteries- dissolved all making less than £200

Question 14

Process of monasteries dissolution pt 2

Answer 14

8th Oct-Dec 1536/ pilgramages of Grace
1537/8- further closures- Carthusian monks rebelled- excecuted
1539- act for further dissolution- all except chantries dissolved
1540- court of augmentations set up to deal with new money
- 563 houses closed/8000 monks bought off, money rose from £120,000 to £250000

Question 15

Dissolution causes

Answer 15

Lots of opposition from Carthusians/ Francisscans- Catholic-would sort
Nobles greed- wanted land eg Catholic Duke of Norfolk
Finance- would help fight Francis I and Charles V- Cromwell wouldn’t have to impose high taxes
Continental influences- same in Germany/ Scandinavia

Question 16

Break from Rome- people involved

Answer 16

Henry started looking for divorce in 1527- needed Wolsey to use position as papal legate- say marrige to Catherine was sinful- yet charged for Praemanure/ died-1529
Cromwell used between 1530-36

Question 17

Break from Rome steps pt 1

Answer 17

1528- got lawyer Christopher st German to say English law> clerical law
Used Wolsey 1530-36- got Thomas More (Catholic) to speak in court abt marriage- embarrassed
1530- collectanea satin copiosa- states England had secular/ religious authority over church
1531- charged clergy £118,000- had to say Henry had authority as far as law of Christ would allow

Question 18

Break from Rome steps pt 2

Answer 18

1532- submission of the clergy- Henry could appoint Bishops
1534- Act of restrained annates - revenue paid to pope by bishop/ clerical taxes
House of Commons made supplication of the ordinaries- complained that church had own courts
Thomas Cranmer (Protestant) made Archbishop of Canterbury- 1533
Liz was born Sept1533- Anne pregnancy sped things up

Question 19

Laws for break with Rome

Answer 19

April 1533- act of restraint of appeals- couldn’t go against king
1534- act of restrained abates
1534- act of succession- marriage to Catherine and so Mary= illegitimate
March 1534- dispensation act allowed archbishop of cantenbury to decide cases departed from clerical law
Nov 1534- act of supremacy- Henry= supreme head of church