Tudors

Question 1

4 reasons henry vii foreign policy was successful (can be considered both successful and unsuccessful) {ESSAY}

Answer 1

• secured tudor dynasty + gained recognition from foreign powers
• henry did have a lead role in foreign/European affairs
• henry protected england from invasion
• henry improved trade

Question 2

Did he secure tudor dynasty and gained recognition from foreign powers?{ESSAY}

Answer 2

YES - secured many treaties
Examples:
Treaty of etaples 1492
Treaty of redon 1489
Medina del campo secured marriage of Prince Arthur and Catherine of Aragon

NO-
* henry got excluded from league of cambrai
* henry raised taxes too much causing rebellions e.g. Cornish rebellion

Question 3

Did Henry improve trade?{ESSAY}

Answer 3

YES
-henry was solvent so heir would have lots of money remaining
-Intercursus malus -> England and burgundy could trade together
-Treaty of etaples 1492-> France gave England £159k to remove troops from Brittany

NO
-implementation fell short with intercursus Magnus
-Maximilian and Phillip offered warbeck hospitality -> meant relations deteriorated
-henry gambled on putting an embargo on English-burgundy trade

Question 4

Did henry protect England from invasion?{ESSAY}

Answer 4

YES
-repelled multiple invasions from pretenders and claimants (e.g. Warbecks and Lovells)
-dramatically increased military
-secured alliance with James IV

NO
-got invaded multiple times
-henry didn’t have official alliance
-Ireland supported simnel in his rebellion -> Ireland was a close neighbour so it was dangerous

Question 5

Did henry have a lead role in foreign affairs ?{ESSAY}

Answer 5

YES
- part of holy Roman league
-success during Breton crisis
-betrothed his daughter Margaret to James IV which settled tensions between England and Scotland as Scotland could be a huge threat

NO
-henry got excluded from new league of cambrai
-failed treaty with Spain (medina del campo)
-France and Spain got involved in Italian wars and England was a bystander (league of cambrai)

Question 6

How did henry consolidate his throne [3 ways] {SOURCE}

Answer 6

-legitimising his claim to the throne
-securing support of nobility/authority
-crushing/pacifying the remaining York’s

Question 7

Legitimising his claim to the throne {SOURCE}

Answer 7

-he PREDATED HIS REIGN to 21st august 1485 (day before battle of bosworth)
—> SO that he could say people were traitors and execute them and deal with his enemies after winning

-HENRYS CORONATION 30th October 1485
—> Confirmation of church supporters (having archbishop on his side) as Archbishop of Canterbury crowns henry as it was a ‘religious society’ and need to gain support from people + church and having a weak claim to the throne.

Question 8

Securing support of nobility/authority {SOURCE}

Answer 8

-henry SUMMONED PARLIAMENT November 7th 1485 and re-enactment of 1397 act
—> needed help to pass laws and taxes

-henry REWARDED HIS SUPPORTERS e.g. jasper tudor and Lord Stanley
—> people like jasper tudor could help rule other parts of the country + further support

-applied for PAPAL DISPENSATION to marry princess Elizabeth and ACTS OF ATTAINDER AND ORDER OF GARTER
—> nobles who had wealth and territorial power were potential rivals so acts of attainder reduced this. Papal dispensation gets pope on their side, unites York and Lana aster and enables Tudor propaganda to exploit the union.

Question 9

Crushing/pacifying the remaining York’s {SOURCE}

Answer 9

-Henry MARRIED Elizabeth 18th Jan 1486 but was not crowned till 25th November 1487
—> minimised chance of rebellions and looks like he’s not relying on her for legitimacy

-Earl of Warwick IMPRISONED
—> Earl of Warwick and John de pole had better claims to the throne rather than Elizabeth and Yorkists won’t be able to back a strong claimant to the throne if he is imprisoned.

• FREED John de Pole
  —> gets public on his side and more high value nobles on his side