Tudor Key Terms (Chapter 1)

Question 1

What is arable farming?

Answer 1

labour intensive farming which produced crops using basic tools including ploughs (pastoral farming is the farming of animals)

Question 2

What is an enclosure?

Answer 2

a field with a fence around its perimeter so one crop could be produced on a larger scale or the field could be used for livestock

Question 3

What was meant by engrossing?

Answer 3

the joining together of several farms to make one unit, usually through a process of one farmer buying up the land of the others – this usually led to families being evicted

Question 4

Define ‘customs duty’

Answer 4

a tax on goods entering or leaving the country

Question 5

What is tunnage?

Answer 5

Money coming from taxes on exports

Question 6

What is poundage?

Answer 6

Money coming from taxes on imports

Question 7

What is finishing (in reference to the wool industry)?

Answer 7

the final stages of woollen production when spun yarn is converted into cloth by weaving (includes: fulling [cleansing the wool to eliminate oil, dirt and other impurities] and dyeing it

Question 8

Define primogeniture

Answer 8

the eldest son or nearest male relative inherited

Question 9

What is meant by secular?

Answer 9

Something not connected with religious or spiritual matters

Question 10

What is meant by a stipend?

Answer 10

a payment received by a priest for his appointment to a parish

Question 11

What was a pluralist?

Answer 11

a churchman who takes on two parishes in order to claim two stipends

Question 12

What is Humanism?

Answer 12

a system of thought attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters

Question 13

What was a parliamentary sanction?

Answer 13

An official approval by Parliament of an action

Question 14

What’s did an Act of Attainder do?

Answer 14

It declared a landowner guilty of rebelling against the monarch

Question 15

Who took the role of Lord Chamberlain and what were his duties?

Answer 15

an experienced nobleman and member of the King’s council, a personal friend of the king; he had administrative and political duties, often speaking for the king in an official capacity and was also responsible for organising court ceremonies

Question 16

What is a mercenary?

Answer 16

A hired soldier who offer their services to the highest bidder and have no specific commitment to the cause they are fighting for

Question 17

What were Bonds of Good Behaviour

Answer 17

financial bonds paid by nobles or their families. This legal document in effect forced nobles to agree to behave loyally to the crown, or else they would face a ruinous fine

Question 18

What was meant by Household Government?

Answer 18

Household Government - system of government where the head of the household, invariably male, had authority over the property, labour, and mobility of everyone living on his land

Question 19

The Battle of Bosworth saw the end of which family’s rule and the start of the Tudor dynasty?

Answer 19

Plantagenet

Question 20

Name the two respets that weakened Henry’s claim to the throne

Answer 20

1) descent through the female line 2) became king through battle

Question 21

Who proclaimed Henry King of England on the Battlefield of Bosworth?

Answer 21

Sir Thomas Stanley, Henry’s stepfather

Question 22

How was Henry received in London after he became monarch? And why was he recieved in this way?

Answer 22

Cheering - because he was above scandal and suspicion unlike Richard who was under suspicion in the disappearance of the princes in the tower

Question 23

Which characteristic of Henry’s personality proved to be useful as a future ruler?

Answer 23

To think like a fugitive

Question 24

8. Which two Yorkists had a far greater claim to the throne than Henry?

Answer 24

The Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth of York

Question 25

How did Henry minimise the threat posed by these two persons?

Answer 25

The Earl of Warwick – was imprisoned in the tower

Elizabeth of York – married her

Question 26

10. How was Henry able to increase royal income through the use of the Act of Attainder?

Answer 26

Claiming the land of landowners who fought against him at Bosworth

Question 27

What event in September 1489 consolidated Henry’s dynasty?

Answer 27

The birth of his heir - Arthur

Question 28

What is a usurper?

Answer 28

someone who wrongfully takes someone else’s place on the throne

Question 29

How did Lambert Simnel pose a threat to Henry’s rule in 1487?

Answer 29

Simnel was an imposter who was able to rally support against Henry whilst claiming to be the Earl of Warwick

Question 30

How was Henry able to break Perkin Warbeck’s support?

Answer 30

Infiltrated his advisors – formed an alliance with the Scots by arranging a marriage between James iv and his daughter Margaret

Question 31

Why would historian Christine Carpenter believe that the Perkin Warbeck imposture showed Henry’s consolidation of power at its most vulnerable?

Answer 31

Sir William Stanley – step uncle and Lord Chamberlain in Henry’s court was implicated in the plot to remove Henry from power.