Tubular Resorption

Question 1

What pumps that creates the charge and ion gradient?

Answer 1

Na+K+ATPase

Question 2

Where does sodium linked co-transport of glucose, amino acids and phosphate occur?

Answer 2

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 3

Is proximal convoluted tubule water permeable?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

How are water and Na+ reabsorbed in proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 4

Leaky intercellular junction

Question 5

Where are most of solutes reabsorbed in loop of Henle?

Answer 5

Thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 6

Is thick ascending loop of Henle water permeable?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

What is co-transporter on luminal surface in thick ascending loop of Henle?

Answer 7

Na+K+2Cl-

Question 8

What are ions reabsorbed via paracellular diffusion in loop of Henle?

Answer 8

Na+ K+ Mg2+ Ca2+

Question 9

Is early distal convoluted tubule water permeable?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

What co-transporter is on luminal surface in cortical diluting segment?

Answer 10

Na+Cl-

Question 11

What are two types of cells in collecting duct?

Answer 11

• alpha and beta intercalated

- principal

Question 12

Is Na+ reabsorbed into principal cells?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Is K+ reabsorbed into principal cells?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What hormone controls channels in principal cells?

Answer 14

Aldosterone

Question 15

What is function of alpha intercalated cells?

Answer 15

H+ excretion

Question 16

How is H+ excreted in collecting duct?

Answer 16

• H+ pump (active transport) on luminal membrane

- K+/H+ exchanger on luminal membrane

Question 17

What exchanger is on basolateral membrane of alpha intercalated cells?

Answer 17

Cl-/HCO3- exchanger

Question 18

What is function of beta intercalated cells?

Answer 18

• Reabsorption of H+

- Excretion of HCO3-

Question 19

What pump and exchanger located on beta intercalated cells?

Answer 19

• H+ pump on basolateral membrane

- Cl-/HCO3- on luminal membrane

Question 20

What are different isoforms of aquaporins?

Answer 20

AQP1-4

Question 21

What isoforms of aquaporins are constitutively expressed on basolateral membrane of collecting duct?

Answer 21

AQP 3/4

Question 22

What isoform of aquaporin is expressed on luminal membrane under control of ADH?

Answer 22

AQP 2

Question 23

Where is AQP 1 located?

Answer 23

Proximal tubule

Question 24

Where does countercurrent multiplier occur?

Answer 24

Thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 25

In countercurrent multiplier, does thick ascending loop of Henle pump NaCl into interstitium?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

In countercurrent multiplier, what happens at descending loop of Henle?

Answer 26

Water moves out

Question 27

Where does countercurrent exchange occur?

Answer 27

Vasa rectae

Question 28

In countercurrent exchange, does water move in/out in descent?

Answer 28

Out

Question 29

In countercurrent exchange, does salt move in/out in descent?

Answer 29

In

Question 30

In countercurrent exchange, does salt move in/out in ascent?

Answer 30

Out

Question 31

In countercurrent exchange, does water move in/out in ascent ?

Answer 31

In

Question 32

What two parts of nephron are permeable to urea?

Answer 32

- Thin descending/ascending loop of Henle | - Medullary (not cortical) collecting duct

Question 33

What controls urea permeability in medullary cortical collecting duct?

Answer 33

ADH

Question 34

1. Urea in ___ collecting duct is concentrated by removal of ___in upstream ___collecting duct. 2. This creates a ___gradient between luminal urea concentration in ___collecting duct and adjacent___ 3. When ___ increases urea permeability in ___ collecting duct, urea moves ___ adjacent ___ 4. Urea in ___ is increased in concentration with respect to concentration of urea in thin ___/___ 5. Urea moves into tubular fluid of _____

Answer 34

1. medullary, water, cortical 2. concentration, medullary, interstitium 3. ADH, medullary, into, interstitium 4. interstitium, descending/ascending loop of Henle 5. Loop of Henle

Question 35

Where does SGLT2-inhibitor act in nephron?

Answer 35

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 36

What is function of SGLT2-inhibitor?

Answer 36

Bind to and inhibit glucose/sodium symporter

Question 37

An example of loop diuretics

Answer 37

Frusemide

Question 38

Where does loop diuretic act in nephron?

Answer 38

Na+K+2Cl- in loop of Henle

Question 39

What is function of loop diuretic?

Answer 39

Increase urinary loss of: - sodium - potassium - magnesium - calcium

Question 40

What is function of Thiazide diuretics?

Answer 40

Block NaCl cotransporter in cortical collecting duct