Tubular Disease Flashcards
What cell does acute tubular necrosis affect?
Renal tubular epithelial cells.
What happens to renal tubular epithelial cells during acute tubular necrosis?
Results in the destruction of the renal tubular epithelial cells.
What are the two ways acute tubular necrosis can occur?
(1) Ischemia condition (obstruction of blood flow)
(2) Toxic processes
What are the three causes of ischemic acute tubular necrosis?
(1) Sepsis
(2) Shock
(3) Trauma
Ischemic acute tubular necrosis effects what parts of the nephron?
The basement membrane and the tubules.
Toxic acute tubular necrosis can either result in what two processes?
Endogenous or Exogenous.
What is the endogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis?
These solutes or substances are when the concentration in the blood becomes too high, becoming toxic.
Give an example of an endogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis.
Hemoglobin or myoglobin after a trauma or hemolytic episode.
What is the exogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis?
Chemicals or substances that we take into the body.
Give an example of an exogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis.
Antibiotics, anesthetics, and radio contrast media.
What would you expect to find on a urinalysis chemical test for a patient with acute tubular necrosis?
Positive blood and protein; low specific gravity.
What would you expect to find on a urinalysis microscopic test for a patient with acute tubular necrosis?
Renal tubular cells present; renal tubular, waxy, broad, granular casts present.
How do hereditary and metabolic tubular dysfunction affect the tubules?
Via a build-up of metabolic by-products that the tubules can no longer reabsorb.
What causes Fanconi syndrome?
A build-up of amino acids as well as glucose, phosphate, sodium, and potassium that can be found in the urine.
What is Fanconi syndrome?
A proximal tubular dysfunction where substances cannot be reabsorbed and get excreted into the urine.
Fanconi syndrome can be an inherited disorder or the result of what?
Toxin exposure, metabolic disease, or secondary to renal disease.
Cystinosis and cysinuria affects which functional part of the kidney?
Can affect the tubular function.
Cystinosis and cysinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in what condition?
Tubular dysfunction causing an excess amount of cystine to be excreted into the urine.
Renal glucosuria is a benign inherited condition that does what?
Have lower tubular reabsorptive capacity resulting in glucose being present in the urine.
Renal phosphaturia is an inherited disorder that effects what part of the kidney?
Distal tubules.
Renal phosphaturia is an inherited disorder does what?
Causes a dysfunction of the distal tubules where it does not allow for organic phosphorous to reabsorbed.
What are some clinical symptoms a patient may have who has renal phosphaturia?
May range from being asymptomatic to having shunted growth.
What occurs with a patient with renal tubule acidosis?
In this inherited autosomal disorder, patients are unable to adequately secrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubules.
