Tubular Disease

Question 1

What cell does acute tubular necrosis affect?

Answer 1

Renal tubular epithelial cells.

Question 2

What happens to renal tubular epithelial cells during acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 2

Results in the destruction of the renal tubular epithelial cells.

Question 3

What are the two ways acute tubular necrosis can occur?

Answer 3

(1) Ischemia condition (obstruction of blood flow)
(2) Toxic processes

Question 4

What are the three causes of ischemic acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 4

(1) Sepsis
(2) Shock
(3) Trauma

Question 5

Ischemic acute tubular necrosis effects what parts of the nephron?

Answer 5

The basement membrane and the tubules.

Question 6

Toxic acute tubular necrosis can either result in what two processes?

Answer 6

Endogenous or Exogenous.

Question 7

What is the endogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 7

These solutes or substances are when the concentration in the blood becomes too high, becoming toxic.

Question 8

Give an example of an endogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis.

Answer 8

Hemoglobin or myoglobin after a trauma or hemolytic episode.

Question 9

What is the exogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 9

Chemicals or substances that we take into the body.

Question 10

Give an example of an exogenous process for a patient with toxic acute tubular necrosis.

Answer 10

Antibiotics, anesthetics, and radio contrast media.

Question 11

What would you expect to find on a urinalysis chemical test for a patient with acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 11

Positive blood and protein; low specific gravity.

Question 12

What would you expect to find on a urinalysis microscopic test for a patient with acute tubular necrosis?

Answer 12

Renal tubular cells present; renal tubular, waxy, broad, granular casts present.

Question 13

How do hereditary and metabolic tubular dysfunction affect the tubules?

Answer 13

Via a build-up of metabolic by-products that the tubules can no longer reabsorb.

Question 14

What causes Fanconi syndrome?

Answer 14

A build-up of amino acids as well as glucose, phosphate, sodium, and potassium that can be found in the urine.

Question 15

What is Fanconi syndrome?

Answer 15

A proximal tubular dysfunction where substances cannot be reabsorbed and get excreted into the urine.

Question 16

Fanconi syndrome can be an inherited disorder or the result of what?

Answer 16

Toxin exposure, metabolic disease, or secondary to renal disease.

Question 17

Cystinosis and cysinuria affects which functional part of the kidney?

Answer 17

Can affect the tubular function.

Question 18

Cystinosis and cysinuria is an autosomal recessive disorder that results in what condition?

Answer 18

Tubular dysfunction causing an excess amount of cystine to be excreted into the urine.

Question 19

Renal glucosuria is a benign inherited condition that does what?

Answer 19

Have lower tubular reabsorptive capacity resulting in glucose being present in the urine.

Question 20

Renal phosphaturia is an inherited disorder that effects what part of the kidney?

Answer 20

Distal tubules.

Question 21

Renal phosphaturia is an inherited disorder does what?

Answer 21

Causes a dysfunction of the distal tubules where it does not allow for organic phosphorous to reabsorbed.

Question 22

What are some clinical symptoms a patient may have who has renal phosphaturia?

Answer 22

May range from being asymptomatic to having shunted growth.

Question 23

What occurs with a patient with renal tubule acidosis?

Answer 23

In this inherited autosomal disorder, patients are unable to adequately secrete hydrogen ions or reabsorb bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubules.