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Respiratory System > Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

define tuberculosis (TB)

A

a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by myobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

define the two types of TB

A

active:
evidence of symptomatic/progressive disease of lungs/other organs

latent:
persistent immune response to stimulation by antigens NO evidence of clinical activation

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3
Q

transmission of TB

A

an airborne disease, transmitted through inhalation of droplets infected with bacterium

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4
Q

risk factors of TB

A 
ethnic minority groups (e.g. sub-saharan africa or south asia) 
homeless population
drug and alcohol abuse 
close contact 
immunosuppression 
extremes of age
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5
Q

clinical features of TB

A

subacute to chronic in onset

night sweats and/or fever
weight loss
persistent productive cough for >3 wks 
headache
erythema nodosum 
pericardial effusion
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6
Q

common features of TB in CXR

A

secondary TB - infiltrates in apex/upper lobe
miliary TB - millent seed looking infiltrates

hilar lymphadenopathy
parenchymal infiltrates

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7
Q

immediate management of TB

A

contact health board within 3 working days
referral/admission for specialist hospital treatment
urgent referral to local TB MDT for care and management

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8
Q

management of TB

A 
RIPE for 2mnths 
rifampcicn 
isoniazid 
pyrazinamide 
ethambutol

isoniazid and rifampicin for further 6 months

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9
Q

management if TB multi-drug resistant or XDR TB

A

18-24mnth treatment with least drugs that bacterium sensitive to

e.g. amikacin, marcolides, quinolones and capreomycin

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10
Q

side effects of TB medication, isoniazid

A

peripheral neuropathy

liver toxicity

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11
Q

side effects of TB medication, rifampicin

A

liver toxicity
p450 (hepatic enzyme) inducer
turns body fluids red/orange

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12
Q

side effects of TB medication, ethambutol

A

visual disturbances

contraindicated in chronic kidney disease

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13
Q

side effects of TB medication, pyrazinamide

A

liver toxicity

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14
Q

general clinical features of TB

A 
night sweats 
fever 
fatigue
weight loss 
chronic productive cough (sputum +/- haemoptysis)
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15
Q

additional clinical features of TB

A 
headaches 
focal neurological signs 
arthritis 
abdominal pain 
pericardial effusions 
lymphaednopathy
erythema nodosum
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16
Q

investigations in TB

A 
CXR
sputum samples 
non-pulmonary samples
bloods (FBC, CRP, U+Es, LFTs and HIV serology)
mantoux test
17
Q

sample tests used in TB (culture)

A

acid-fast staining

LJ media staining

18
Q

sample tests used in TB (non-culture)

A

auramine O stain

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Respiratory System (9 decks)

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