Tuberculosis Flashcards
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
Spread primarily by small particle droplet
Can be spread from coughing, sneezing, laughing, singing
Particles can stay in air for hours
Which individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring TB?
Low socioeconomic status Poor nutrition Lack of health care Overcrowded living conditions Ethnic minorities
Which individuals are at the highest risk of developing active disease within the first two years of acquiring infection?
Small children
Elderly adults
Pregnant or postpartum women
T/F: Children have a low ability to transmit disease to others because of low tidal volume
TRUE
What is the most common type of TB in United States?
Latent TB
What type of Tuberculosis am I? Signs and symptoms can include: Low-grade fever Malaise Poor appetite Weight loss Night sweats Chills Erythema nodosum Keratoconjunctivitis Mediastinal lymph nodes Difficulty swallowing or obstruction Cough, starting at age 10
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
What type of Tuberculosis am I?
Very rare in the United States
Occurs most often in children under 3, elderly, or those with HIV
Travels from primary site through blood or lymph and seeds multiple organs
Leads to necrosis and cassation of organs
High fever, malaise, poor appetite, weight loss, fatigue, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly
Pulmonary symptoms may or may not be present
Miliary Tuberculosis
***Appears like miliary seeds in imaging
What type of Tuberculosis am I? Signs and symptoms can include: Lymph node disease—unilateral at start Meningitis TB Skin infection TB Ocular TB Endocrine gland TB GU TB Cardiac TB Musculoskeletal TB Abdominal TB Middle ear TB Mastoid TB Larynx TB (very contagious through the air)
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
What is the name of the skin test for TB and when should it be read?
Mantoux PPD test
needs to be read in 48-72 hours
Which test for tuberculosis should an individual receive if they have received the BCG vaccine in the past?
Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)
Do we ever do a skin test on an individual who had a previous positive result?
NO
***Can cause huge, blistering reaction
Perform blood test or X-ray instead
What induration would be considered positive in the following individuals? children under 4 people with other medical conditions immigrants IV drug users health care providers anyone who has been exposed
> 10mm
What induration would be considered positive in the following individuals?
patients with organ transplants
clinical findings suggestive of TB
HIV immunosuppression
those who have had contact with known or suspected TB case
> 5 mm
TB blood tests are highly inaccurate in children________.
under 5
Which medication is the most commonly used for treatment of latent tuberculosis?
Isoniazid (INH)—most commonly used for latent TB
