TUBERCULOSIS Flashcards
Treatment of TB involved more than on antimicrobial agent
True
Course of therapy with isoniazid and rifampin (IR)
9 months
Initial course of therapy with streptomycin and ethambutol
2-8 weeks
The current recommendation for drug-susceptible tuberculosis is a regimen of
isoniazid,
rifampin, PZA, and ethambutol for the first 8 weeks, weeks followed by isoniazid and rifampin for 18 weeks
Isoniazid MOA
inhibits cell wall synthesis; disrupts cell wall; inhibit mycolic acid synthesis;
RIFAMPICIN MOA
bind to the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and inhibit synthesis of RNA
Pyrazinamide MOA
active against M. tuberculosis at a low pH, such as that found in phagolysosomes
Ethambutol MOA
inhibits cell wall synthesis; disrupts cell wall; inhibits “arabinogalactan” synthesis; it interferes
with the synthesis of arabinogalactan in the cell wal
MDR-TB
resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin
potentially untreatable
Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB
resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three
injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin)
Complications of TB
Miliary Tuberculosis
Renal Tuberculosis
Hemoptysis
Method of choice for collection
Spontaneously produced sputum
Preferred specimen for sputum
3 early morning; 3 consecutive days with 8 days interval
Required volume for sputum
5-10 mL expectorated or aerosol-induced
Required volume for sputum
5-10 mL expectorated or aerosol-induced
