Tuber

Question 1

What is the infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 1

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis primarily affects the lungs but can also involve other organs.

Question 2

What is the primary form of tuberculosis?

Answer 2

Pulmonary tuberculosis

This form primarily affects the lungs.

Question 3

List some other tissues that tuberculosis can affect.

Answer 3

• Intestine
• Meninges
• Bones and joints
• Lymph glands
• Skin
• Other tissues

Tuberculosis can affect various tissues beyond the lungs.

Question 4

What type of bacillus is Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Answer 4

Acid fast, aerobic, non motile, non capsulated, non sporing

Other atypical mycobacteria include M. Kansaii, M. scrofulaceum, and M. Fortuitum.

Question 5

What is the most common source of tuberculosis infection?

Answer 5

Human source

Bovine sources are also a potential source of infection.

Question 6

How many persons, on average, contract tuberculosis from one case of infectious pulmonary TB?

Answer 6

10-15 persons

This statistic highlights the contagious nature of the disease.

Question 7

True or False: Patients with untreated tuberculosis remain infective.

Answer 7

True

Patients can remain infectious until they receive effective treatment.

Question 8

How much does infectivity reduce within 48 hours of effective anti-microbial treatment?

Answer 8

90%

This significant reduction emphasizes the importance of prompt treatment.

Question 9

What age group is most affected by tuberculosis?

Answer 9

All ages

Tuberculosis is more prevalent in males than in females.

Question 10

Is tuberculosis a hereditary disease?

Answer 10

No

However, inherited susceptibility can be an important risk factor.

Question 11

What nutritional factors are associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis?

Answer 11

• Malnutrition
• Low body mass index
• Vitamin D deficiency

These factors compromise the immune system and increase susceptibility.

Question 12

How is immunity to tuberculosis acquired?

Answer 12

Through natural infection or BCG vaccination

BCG vaccination is a common preventive measure.

Question 13

List some social factors contributing to the spread of tuberculosis.

Answer 13

• Poor quality of life
• Poor housing
• Overcrowding
• Smoking
• Alcohol abuse
• Lack of education
• Lack of awareness of causes of illness

These factors can exacerbate the spread of TB.

Question 14

What is the main mode of transmission for tuberculosis?

Answer 14

Droplet infection and droplet nuclei

This transmission occurs from sputum positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Question 15

How long of effective treatment is required to convert an infectious case to a non-infectious case?

Answer 15

2 weeks

Effective treatment is crucial for controlling transmission.