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XRAY 111 > Tube > Flashcards

Tube Flashcards

0
Q

Helps with leakage radiation and shock from the tube; metal lined

A

Protective housing

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1
Q

What type of tubes do we use now?

A

Coolidge tubes

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2
Q

Proper housing measurement

A

100 mR(milliroetgen)/hr at 1 meter

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3
Q

When x-rays are produced, how are they emitted?

A

Isotropically

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4
Q

What is used in x-ray tubes that serves as an electrical insulator and a thermal cushion?

A

Oil

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5
Q

Vacuum tube to withstand large amount of heat

A

Glass envelope

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6
Q

These are used in place of glass envelopes

A

Metal envelope

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7
Q

Is needed to provide efficient x-ray production

A

Vacuum

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8
Q

Why is a vacuum essential for efficient x-ray production?

A

The removal of air permits electrons to flow from cathode to anode without encountering the gas atoms of air

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9
Q

What is the number one reason for tube failure?

A

Gassy tube

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10
Q

Negative side of the tube

A

Cathode

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11
Q

What are the two main parts of the cathode?

A

Filament

Focusing cup

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12
Q

What is the filament made out of?

A

Thoriated Tungston

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13
Q

Why is thorium added to the filament?

A

To increase thermionic emission

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14
Q

Electron buildup when you’re about to send the electrons from the cathode to the anode

A

Space cloud

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15
Q

Boils electrons off filaments; separation of electrons

A

Thermionic emission

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16
Q

When do you use a smaller filament?

A

When you use smaller mA

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17
Q

When do you use a larger filament?

A

When you use a larger mA

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18
Q

Focuses the electrons to the area in the anode

A

Focusing cup

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19
Q

Negatively charged so it works on the principle of electrostatic repulsion

A

Focusing cup

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20
Q

What is a tube called with two electrodes?

Why?

A

Diode

Because it has a positive and a negative side

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21
Q

Positive side of the x-ray tube

A

Anode

22
Q

Target area that is struck by electrons

A

Anode

23
Q

What material is the anode made of?

A

Tungsten

24
Q

What is the function of the anode?

A

Electrical conductor; Where x-rays are created

25
Q

What are the two types of anodes?

A

Stationary

Rotating

26
Q

Used in dental and portable machines; aren’t seen very often

A

Stationary anodes

27
Q

A lot more productive than the stationary anode

A

Rotating anode

28
Q

This type of anode helps dissipate heat and doesn’t wear down as fast

A

Rotating anode

29
Q

What is the target angle range of the rotating anode?

A

5°-20°

30
Q

Why would you want a larger diameter rotating anode?

A

Increases workload

31
Q

What is the range for the speed of rotation for the rotating anode?

A

3,400 - 10,000 RPMs

32
Q

What is the speed for a single-phase rotating anode?

3-phase?

What type of frequencies do they each put off?

A

3,400; low frequency

10,000; high frequency

33
Q

How does the rotating anode rotate?

A

Electromagnetic induction

34
Q

What are the two parts of the rotating anode?

A

Stator

Rotor

35
Q

Outside of the glass envelope; Consists of a series of electromagnets

A

Stator

36
Q

Inside of glass envelope; is a shaft made of bars of copper and soft iron

A

Rotor

37
Q

Why is it important to warm up the anode?

A

Because if you don’t, the anode can crack

38
Q

Angling of the target in the anode

A

Line-Focus Principle

39
Q

What are the perks to having an angled target?

A

Gives a larger actual focal spot size and a smaller effective spot size; Helps dissipate heat while creating better detail

40
Q

Which FSS hits the anode?

A

Actual FSS

41
Q

Which FSS hits the patient?

A

Effective FSS

42
Q

When is the actual FSS larger than the effective FSS?

A

Always, no matter what the angle is

43
Q

What is the range for effective FSS?

A

0.6-1.2

44
Q

If you use the larger filament, is your FSS smaller or bigger?

A

Larger

45
Q

If you use the smaller filament, is your FSS smaller or bigger?

A

Smaller

46
Q

If you lower your target angle, what does it do to the effective FSS?

What happens to your heat load?

A

Gets smaller

Increases

47
Q

If you increase your target angle, what happens to your heat load capacity?

A

Increases

48
Q

What is the disadvantage of using the line-focus principle?

A

Heel Effect

49
Q

What is the heel effect?

A

The radiation intensity on the cathode side of the x-ray field is higher; the intensity on the anode side of the x-rayed field is lower

50
Q

Composed of photons that were not produced at the focal spot

A

Off-focus radiation

51
Q

3 Devices used to reduce scatter

A

Beam Restrictors
Grids
OID

52
Q

What is the formula to calculate the cooling chart for a single phase heat unit?

3-phase?

A

kVp x mA x time

kVp x mA x time x 1.40

53
Q

What type of current is the filament current?

A

Alternating current

XRAY 111 (12 decks)

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