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Korean > TTMIK Grammar > Flashcards

TTMIK Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

From A to B (time)

A

A 부터 B 까지

아홉시부터 아홉시반까지 아침밥을 먹어요.
From 9:00 to 9:30, I eat breakfast.

아침부터 저녁까지 공부해요.
I study from morning until evening.

.

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2
Q

From A to B (location)

A

A 에서 B 까지

병원에서 은행까지 걸었어요.
I walked from the hospital to the bank.

부산에서 도쿄까지 여행할 거예요.
I will travel from Busan to Tokyo.

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3
Q

Future Tense (-ㄹ/을 거예요)

A

[verb stem] + (ㄹ/을) 거예요

뭐 팔 거예요?
What are you going to sell?

어디에서 만날 거예요?
Where are you going to meet?

뭐 입을 거예요?
What are you going to wear?

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4
Q

And, And then

A

그리고

그리고 is used to link both nouns and phrases, but it is most commonly used to link phrases

친구를 만났어요 그리고 밥을 먹었어요.
I met my friend and we ate food.

저는 학생이에요 그리고 프랑스어를 공부해요.
I am a student and I am studying French.

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5
Q

Therefore, So

A

그래서

그래서 can be used just like we use “therefore” or “so” in English - to show a logical relation between two phrases

오늘은 비가 왔어요 그래서 집에 있었어요.
It rained today, therefore I stayed at home.

저는 학생이에요 그래서 돈이 없어요.
I am a student so I don’t have money.

김치는 맛있어요 그래서 김치를 많이 먹어요.
Kimchi is delicious so I eat a lot of kimchi.

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6
Q

And, with

A

-하고, -(이)랑

-하고, -(이)랑 can mean either “and” or “with”, depending on the context

-하고, -(이)랑 are essentially interchangeable, but we don’t use -(이)랑 in formal conversation

선생님하고 밥을 먹을 거예요.
I am going to eat with my teacher.

동생하고 공부할 거예요.
I am going to study with my younger brother/sister.

어제 홍대하고 신촌에 갔어요.
I went to Hongdae and Sinchon yesterday.

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7
Q

But, However

A

그렇지만, 그런데

Both 그렇지만, 그런데 mean “but” or “however” BUT. 그런데 also can mean “and”, depending on the context.

피곤해요. 그렇지만 영화 보고 싶어요.
OR
피곤해요. 그런데 영화 보고 싶어요.
I’m tired. But I want to see a movie.

어제 이거 샀어요. 그런데 정말 커요.
I bought this yesterday but it’s really big.
OR
I bought this yesterday and it’s really big.

어제 학교에 갔어요. 그렇지만 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, but it was Sunday.

어제 학교에 갔어요. 그런데 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, and by the way, it was Sunday.

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8
Q

But, However

A

그렇지만, 그런데

Both 그렇지만, 그런데 mean “but” or “however” BUT. 그런데 also can mean “and”, depending on the context.

그런데 is more common and more versatile; we tend to use 그렇지만 more in writing

피곤해요. 그렇지만 영화 보고 싶어요.
OR
피곤해요. 그런데 영화 보고 싶어요.
I’m tired. But I want to see a movie.

어제 이거 샀어요. 그런데 정말 커요.
I bought this yesterday but it’s really big.
OR
I bought this yesterday and it’s really big.

어제 학교에 갔어요. 그렇지만 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, but it was Sunday.

어제 학교에 갔어요. 그런데 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, and by the way, it was Sunday.

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9
Q

“To” someone, “From” someone

A

한테, 한테서

한테 can mean both “to” someone and “from” someone, depending on the context

한테서 means “from” someone

** this will be covered later, but 한테 and
한테서 can also mean “by” when used with a passive voice verb

저는 개한테 물렸어요.
I was bitten by a dog.

너 한테 한 말이 있어.
I have something to say to you.

저한테 이메일 보냈어요?
Did you send me an email?

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10
Q

Telling the time

A

[native korean #] 시 [sino-Korean #] 분

To tell the time, we use both native Korean (하나, 둘, 셋, 넷) numbers and sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼, 사)

다섯시 삼십팔분
5:38

내일 수업이 사십시 반에 끝나요.
My classes finish at 4:30 tomorrow.

지금 몇 시예요?
What time is it now?

여덟시 십분에 출근했어요.
I came to work at 8:10.

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11
Q

Common counter words

A

person - 명
thing/object - 개
bottle - 병
paper - 장
animal - 마리
car - 대
book - 권
flower - 송이

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12
Q

Progressive verbs (-ing verbs)

A

-고 있어요

To make a progressive verb, we use the pattern [verb stem] + 고 있어요.

Often times, Koreans will just use regular present verbs instead of present progressive.

Ex. 저는 공부해요.
I am studying.

밖에 비가 오고 있어요.
It is raining outside.

음악을 듣고 있었어요.
I was listening to music.

수요일에 일하고 있을 거예요.
I will be working on Wednesday.

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13
Q

Dates (Months, Days)

A

To say a month in Korean, we use the pattern: [sino-Korean #] 월

January - 일월
February - 이 월
March - 삼월
…
October - 시월 (note that we drop the ㅂ)
November - 십일월
December - 십이월

To say the day, we use the pattern: [sino-Korean #] 일

생일이 몇 월 며칠이에요?
What date is your birthday?

생일이 언제예요?
When is your birthday?

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14
Q

Too, also (nouns and pronouns)

A

We can attach the particle -도 to a noun or pronoun to mean “too” or “also”

저도 학생이에요.
I am a student, too.

물도 주세요.
Please give me water too.

내일도 일할 거예요?
Do you also work tomorrow?

이것도 샀어요.
I bought this too.

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15
Q

Too, also (verbs)

A

To say “I also [verb]”, we must first conjugate the verb into its noun form

Noun form: [verb stem] + 기

I also [verb]: [verb stem] 기 도 하다

저는 영어를 가르치기도 해요.
I also teach English. (in addition to doing other things)

그는 컴퓨터를 고치기도 해요.
He also fixes computers.

EXCEPTION: for 하다 verbs, just separate 하다 from the noun and add -도 after the noun.

그녀는 주말에 공부도 해요.
She also studies on the weekend.

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16
Q

Only

A

There are a few ways to say “only” in Korean, but the most common way is to use -만

이것만 살거예요.
I will only buy this.

책 한권만 주문했어요.
I only ordered one book.

To say “I only [verb],” we need to conjugate the verb into its noun form

Noun form: [verb stem] + 기

I only [verb]: [verb stem] + 기 만 하다

어제 놀기만했어요.
Yesterday I only played.

EXCEPTION: for 하다 verbs, just separate 하다 from the noun and add -만 after the noun.

월요일부터 금요일까지 일 만 해요.
I only work from Monday until Friday.

17
Q

A little, a bit, a little bit

A

조금

** can also be shortened to 좀 in both written and spoken language

조금 비싸요.
It’s a little expensive.

물 조금만 주세요.
Give me only a little bit of water.

** can also mean “quite” depending on the context (like “It’s quite expensive”)

조금 비싸요.
It’s quite expensive.

18
Q

Really, truly

A

정말

** we also can say 진짜, which is a little more casual

정말 빨라요.
It’s really fast.

정말 이상해요.
It’s really strange.

** 정말 and 진짜 also can express whether something being said is true or not

19
Q

Very, quite

A

아주

아주 멀어요.
It’s very far away.

아주 맛있어요.
It’s very delicious.

** 아주 is the standard way of saying “very” in written form; when speaking, we almost always use 정말 or 진짜

20
Q

Not really, not particularly

A

별로

**별로 is always used in negative sentences (안, -지 않다, 없다)

별로 안 비싸요.
It’s not so expensive.

별로 재미없어요.
It’s not that interesting.

별로 안 나빠요.
It’s not too bad.
(this has the meaning of “it’s not the worst, but it’s still bad”)

21
Q

Not at all

A

전혀

전혀 안 바빠요.
I’m not busy at all.

전혀 안 더워요.
It’s not hot at all.

** In spoken Korean, the expression 하나도 [ha-na-do] is more commonly used than 전혀.

22
Q

Can (do something)

A

[verb stem] + (으)ㄹ 수 있다

수 literally means an ‘idea’ or a ‘way’; 수 있다 means a way to do [verb] exists

이거 읽을 수 있어요?
Can you read this?

일본어 할 수 있어요.
I can speak Japanese.

운전할 수 있어요.
I can drive.

23
Q

Cannot (do something)

A

[verb stem] + (으)ㄹ 수 없다 / 못 [verb]

수 literally means an ‘idea’ or a ‘way’; 수 없다 means a way to do [verb] does not exist

The more common way to say you cannot do something is to add 못 in front of the verb

지금 못 만나요.
I can’t meet you now.

못 읽어요.
I can’t read.

어젯밤에 잘 수 없었어요.
I couldn’t sleep last night.

24
Q

To be good at something / to do something well

A

-을/를 잘하다 OR 잘 [non-하다 verb]

  • 하다 verbs: remove the noun from 하다 and add -을/를 잘하다
  • non-하다 verbs: add 잘 and a space before the verb

제 친구는 수영을 잘 해요.
My friend is good at swimming.

저는 퍼즐을 잘 풀어요
I am good at solving puzzles.

매운 거 잘 먹어요?
Are you good at eating spicy food?

25
Q

To be bad at something / to do something poorly

A

** 못하다, 못 [verb], 잘 못 [verb]**

  • 하다 verbs: remove the noun from 하다 and add -을/를 못하다
  • non-하다 verbs: add 못 and a space before the verb
  • 못 in front of a verb can also mean “to be unable to do [verb]”
  • to clearly indicate that someone cannot do [verb] well, we can use the pattern: 잘 못 [verb]; this literally means “cannot do [something] well”

저는 노래를 잘 못 해요.
I can’t sing well. / I’m not good at singing.

저는 글씨를 잘 못 써요.
My handwriting is not good.

26
Q

Turning verbs into nouns

A

[verb stem] 는 것

example: 읽다 -> 읽는 것

The literal translation of [verb stem] 는 것 is:
- reading
- the act of reading
- the thing that you read
- what you read

제 취미는 영화 보는 거예요.
My hobby is watching movies.

지금 듣는 거는 노래예요.
What I am listening to now is a song.

오늘 만나는 것 알아요?
Do you know that we are meeting today?

27
Q

Have to / Should / Must

A

** -아/어/여야 되다/하다 **

  • the pattern is: [verb stem] + [아/어/여] + [야 되다/하다]
  • 되다 is more-commonly used

집에 가야 돼요.
I have to go home.

저는 뭐 해야 돼요?
What should I do?

누구한테 줘야 돼요?
Who should I give this to?

28
Q

More… than…

A

보다… 더…

  • To say “more [something]” in Korean, we say: 더 [something]

그녀는 더 예뻐요.
She is prettier.

이 치마는 더 비싸요.
This skirt is more expensive.

  • To compare to things, we add 보다 to the noun we are comparing something to
    • 보다 literally means “compared to” or “than”

수박은 딸기보다 더 커요.
A watermelon is bigger than a strawberry.

NOTE: When comparing two things, we can also just omit the 더

선생님은 저보다 바빠요.
The teacher is busier than me.

29
Q

To say “I like…”

A

** 좋아하다 / 좋다 **

좋아하다 means “to like” or “to be fond of”

저는 우유를 좋아해요
I like milk.

좋다 means “to be good” but can also mean “I like”

한국어 좋아요.
I like the Korean language.

30
Q

If, In case

A

**만약 / -(으)면 **

To express the meaning of “if” we need to conjugate our verb into its conditional form

To add the meaning “if” to a verb, we add -(으)면 to the verb stem

To make the sentence even clearer, we can add the noun 만약 (meaning if, in case) to the start of the sentence

  • this is especially helpful when we have longer sentences
31
Q

Still, Yet

A

아직

To say “still” or “yet”, we use the word 아직

아직 10시예요.
It is still 10 o’clock.

아직 안 했어요.
I have not done it yet.

아직 몰라요.
I do not know yet.

To emphasize the meaning of “still happening” or “still not happening”, we add the particle -도

  • 아직도 has a meaning of criticizing the other person or being a little bit mad or angry.

아직도 몰라요?
You still do not know? / How could you still not know?

아직도 안 왔어요?
He is still not here yet?

32
Q

Let’s [verb] - Casual

A

**Verb stem + 자 **

피자를 먹자.
Let’s eat pizza.

영화관 가자.
Let’s go to the movie theater.

편지를 쓰자.
Let’s write a letter.

33
Q

Future Tense (-ㄹ/을 게요)

A

Verb stem + -ㄹ/을 게요

This is very similar to the other way we learned to make a future tense verb!

We use this pattern when the listener is somehow involved in our future action - like if we are making a promise to them, offering something to them, etc.

한국어 공부 열심히 할게요.
(I promise) I will study Korean very hard.

전화할게요.
I will call you.

34
Q

Imperatives (telling someone to do something)

A

to tell someone to do something (politely), we can add the ending-(으)세요 to the verb stem

Note: for verb stems ending with ㄹ, we can drop the ㄹ and add -세요

Korean (6 decks)

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