TTMIK Grammar Flashcards
From A to B (time)
A 부터 B 까지
아홉시부터 아홉시반까지 아침밥을 먹어요.
From 9:00 to 9:30, I eat breakfast.
아침부터 저녁까지 공부해요.
I study from morning until evening.
.
From A to B (location)
A 에서 B 까지
병원에서 은행까지 걸었어요.
I walked from the hospital to the bank.
부산에서 도쿄까지 여행할 거예요.
I will travel from Busan to Tokyo.
Future Tense (-ㄹ/을 거예요)
[verb stem] + (ㄹ/을) 거예요
뭐 팔 거예요?
What are you going to sell?
어디에서 만날 거예요?
Where are you going to meet?
뭐 입을 거예요?
What are you going to wear?
And, And then
그리고
그리고 is used to link both nouns and phrases, but it is most commonly used to link phrases
친구를 만났어요 그리고 밥을 먹었어요.
I met my friend and we ate food.
저는 학생이에요 그리고 프랑스어를 공부해요.
I am a student and I am studying French.
Therefore, So
그래서
그래서 can be used just like we use “therefore” or “so” in English - to show a logical relation between two phrases
오늘은 비가 왔어요 그래서 집에 있었어요.
It rained today, therefore I stayed at home.
저는 학생이에요 그래서 돈이 없어요.
I am a student so I don’t have money.
김치는 맛있어요 그래서 김치를 많이 먹어요.
Kimchi is delicious so I eat a lot of kimchi.
And, with
-하고, -(이)랑
-하고, -(이)랑 can mean either “and” or “with”, depending on the context
-하고, -(이)랑 are essentially interchangeable, but we don’t use -(이)랑 in formal conversation
선생님하고 밥을 먹을 거예요.
I am going to eat with my teacher.
동생하고 공부할 거예요.
I am going to study with my younger brother/sister.
어제 홍대하고 신촌에 갔어요.
I went to Hongdae and Sinchon yesterday.
But, However
그렇지만, 그런데
Both 그렇지만, 그런데 mean “but” or “however” BUT. 그런데 also can mean “and”, depending on the context.
피곤해요. 그렇지만 영화 보고 싶어요.
OR
피곤해요. 그런데 영화 보고 싶어요.
I’m tired. But I want to see a movie.
어제 이거 샀어요. 그런데 정말 커요.
I bought this yesterday but it’s really big.
OR
I bought this yesterday and it’s really big.
어제 학교에 갔어요. 그렇지만 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, but it was Sunday.
어제 학교에 갔어요. 그런데 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, and by the way, it was Sunday.
But, However
그렇지만, 그런데
Both 그렇지만, 그런데 mean “but” or “however” BUT. 그런데 also can mean “and”, depending on the context.
그런데 is more common and more versatile; we tend to use 그렇지만 more in writing
피곤해요. 그렇지만 영화 보고 싶어요.
OR
피곤해요. 그런데 영화 보고 싶어요.
I’m tired. But I want to see a movie.
어제 이거 샀어요. 그런데 정말 커요.
I bought this yesterday but it’s really big.
OR
I bought this yesterday and it’s really big.
어제 학교에 갔어요. 그렇지만 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, but it was Sunday.
어제 학교에 갔어요. 그런데 일요일이었어요.
I went to school yesterday, and by the way, it was Sunday.
“To” someone, “From” someone
한테, 한테서
한테 can mean both “to” someone and “from” someone, depending on the context
한테서 means “from” someone
** this will be covered later, but 한테 and
한테서 can also mean “by” when used with a passive voice verb
저는 개한테 물렸어요.
I was bitten by a dog.
너 한테 한 말이 있어.
I have something to say to you.
저한테 이메일 보냈어요?
Did you send me an email?
Telling the time
[native korean #] 시 [sino-Korean #] 분
To tell the time, we use both native Korean (하나, 둘, 셋, 넷) numbers and sino-Korean numbers (일, 이, 삼, 사)
다섯시 삼십팔분
5:38
내일 수업이 사십시 반에 끝나요.
My classes finish at 4:30 tomorrow.
지금 몇 시예요?
What time is it now?
여덟시 십분에 출근했어요.
I came to work at 8:10.
Common counter words
person - 명
thing/object - 개
bottle - 병
paper - 장
animal - 마리
car - 대
book - 권
flower - 송이
Progressive verbs (-ing verbs)
-고 있어요
To make a progressive verb, we use the pattern [verb stem] + 고 있어요.
Often times, Koreans will just use regular present verbs instead of present progressive.
Ex. 저는 공부해요.
I am studying.
밖에 비가 오고 있어요.
It is raining outside.
음악을 듣고 있었어요.
I was listening to music.
수요일에 일하고 있을 거예요.
I will be working on Wednesday.
Dates (Months, Days)
To say a month in Korean, we use the pattern: [sino-Korean #] 월
January - 일월
February - 이 월
March - 삼월
…
October - 시월 (note that we drop the ㅂ)
November - 십일월
December - 십이월
To say the day, we use the pattern: [sino-Korean #] 일
생일이 몇 월 며칠이에요?
What date is your birthday?
생일이 언제예요?
When is your birthday?
Too, also (nouns and pronouns)
We can attach the particle -도 to a noun or pronoun to mean “too” or “also”
저도 학생이에요.
I am a student, too.
물도 주세요.
Please give me water too.
내일도 일할 거예요?
Do you also work tomorrow?
이것도 샀어요.
I bought this too.
Too, also (verbs)
To say “I also [verb]”, we must first conjugate the verb into its noun form
Noun form: [verb stem] + 기
I also [verb]: [verb stem] 기 도 하다
저는 영어를 가르치기도 해요.
I also teach English. (in addition to doing other things)
그는 컴퓨터를 고치기도 해요.
He also fixes computers.
EXCEPTION: for 하다 verbs, just separate 하다 from the noun and add -도 after the noun.
그녀는 주말에 공부도 해요.
She also studies on the weekend.