TT Gait Analysis

Question 1

early stance excessive knee flexion

Answer 1

anatomical cause: flexion contracture, weak quads

prosthetic cause:

• high shoe heel
• insufficient PF
• stiff heel cushion
• socket too far anterior
• socket excessively flexed
• cuff tabs too posterior

Question 2

early stance insufficient knee flexion

Answer 2

anatomical cause:

• extensor spasticity
• weak quads
• anterior-distal pain
• arthritis

prosthetic cause:

• low shoe heel
• excessive PF
• soft heel cushion
• socket too far posterior
• socket insufficiently flexed

Question 3

midstance lateral thrust

Answer 3

prosthetic cause: excessive foot inset

Question 4

midstance medial thrust

Answer 4

prosthetic cause: excessive foot outset

Question 5

late stance early knee flexion/”drop off”

Answer 5

anatomical cause: flexion contracture

prosthetic causes:

• high shoe heel
• insufficient PF
• keel too short
• DF stop too soft
• socket too far anterior
• socket excessively flexed
• cuff tabs too posterior

Question 6

late stance delayed knee flexion/perception of walking uphill

Answer 6

anatomical cause: extensor spasticity

prosthetic causes:

• low shoe heel
• excessive PF
• keel too long
• DF stop too stiff
• socket too far posterior
• socket insufficiently flexed

Question 7

initial contact ball of the foot DF > 1.5 inches

Answer 7

causes:

• stride length too long
• excessive socket flexion

correction: train pt to maintain equal stride length

Question 8

initial contact knee fully extended

Answer 8

causes:

• heel lever arm too short
• heel resistance too soft

Question 9

initial contact excessive or insufficient compression

Answer 9

causes: heel resistance too soft or too firm

Question 10

continual anterior distal tibia pressure

Answer 10

cause: excessive use of knee extensors
correction: teach hamstring gait

Question 11

mid-stance lateral trunk bending exceeds 1 inch at head

Answer 11

causes:

• hip pathology
• foot outset too far
• prosthesis too short

Question 12

mid-stance gait base exceeds 2 inches/wide based gait

Answer 12

causes:

• foot outset too far
• prosthesis too long
• hip pathology

Question 13

mid-stance inversion/eversion of foot or walking on lateral or medial edge

Answer 13

causes:

• improper ADD or ABD
• loose socket M/L

Question 14

mid-stance lateral displacement exceeds 0.5 inches

Answer 14

Causes:

• foot outset too far
• loose socket M/L

Question 15

mid-stance no lateral displacement or any displacement medially

Answer 15

causes:

• foot outset too far
• pain in fibular area
• short RL
• knee pathology

Question 16

terminal stance knee goes into extension; pressure on anterior knee

Answer 16

causes:

• toe lever arm too short
• amputee changed shoe to lower heel
• insufficient socket flexion

Question 17

Weight transfer to pre-swing drop off/WB period shortened/knee flexion accentuated

Answer 17

cause: toe lever arm too short

Question 18

swing phase whip (medial or lateral)

Answer 18

causes:
- suspension too short
- hip and knee pathology