Tsunami Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tsunami?

A

A tsunami is a large wave or group of waves

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2
Q

How are tsunami formed?

A

A disturbance on the sea floor, usually from a volcanic eruption underwater or an earthquake

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3
Q

What happens when the tsunami reaches land?

A

It slows down, however ,the height increases due to wave shoaling

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4
Q

What is wave shoaling?

A

The process of when waves enter shallower water and increase in height

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5
Q

Why are tsunami waves more hazardous than normal waves?

A

They travel further and are much more powerful. They are also much higher and many of them will carry debris

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6
Q

How are tsunami waves more powerful than regular waves?

A

They carry the energy from either a volcanic eruption or an earthquake

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7
Q

How do people know a tsunami is coming?

A

Countries that have a high risk of tsunami have alarm systems and sirens to warn people of an approaching tsunami. They also build high walls and have underground stations. Also if a tsunami is coming, the shore line will drag back so far you can walk miles out.

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8
Q

How did the tsunami wall fail to protect Miyako City in the Japan tsunami back in 2011?

A

The wall was originally 10m high, however, before the tsunami, the landmass sub-sided by 1m making the wall just 9m high so the 10m tsunami went straight over it

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9
Q

What was the date of the Japan tsunami?

A

11 March 2011

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10
Q

What was the time of the Japan tsunami?

A

2:46pm (local time)

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11
Q

What was the magnitude of earthquake that caused the tsunami?

A

9

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12
Q

Where was the epicentre of the earthquake that caused the tsunami?

A

130km off the coast of Sendai

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13
Q

What was the speed of the tsunami?

A

800km/h

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14
Q

What was the maximum height of the tsunami?

A

10m

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15
Q

Why did the 2011 Japan tsunami happen?

A

The earth was distorting. The plate that Japan sits on had lots of pressure on it that had been building up for 200 years

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16
Q

What was the first area of landfall?

A

Ofunato

17
Q

What does landfall mean?

A

The place where the tsunami hits land

18
Q

What was the cost of the damage?

A

£133 billion