Truth Flashcards
“knowledge consist in having the truth and knowing that you have it because you know why, what you think is true is true . Whereas opinion consist in not having sure that you have the truth and even if you say is true you are not sure because you don’t know why it is true .”
Mortimer J. Adler (Explanation:
Knowledge is certainty about the truth and understanding why it’s true, while opinion is uncertainty about the truth and lacking understanding of why it might be true.)
What is truth?
Is the property of being in accord with reality.
What kind of evidence is truth based on?
Empirical Evidence
If truth is based on an evidence, this explains that?
It is based on experience and observations about the external world.
What is doubt?
It drives our desire to discover the truth.
What are opinions?
Proposition, belief, arguments, that may be right or wrong, true or false
Knowledge
Can’t be false and can’t be wrong
What are facts?
Propositions which are observed to be real or truthful.
What is conclusion?
Judgement based on certain facts. May not be disputed but conclusion itself could still be contested.
What are beliefs?
Statements that express convictions that are not easily and clearly explained by facts.
What are explanations?
Statements that assume the claim to be true.
What are arguments?
Series of statements that provide reasons why the statement is true.
Burcenian Table of Truth and Opinion
Explain the table
Who are the philosophers in correspondence theory?
Plato and St. Augustine
Concept of truth as reality which can be considered as an affirmation of itself.
Correspondence Theory
What is Correspondence Theory?
It is something observable and verifiable by the senses.
Distrust the senses as sources of knowledge and revealers of the real senses can report only the appearance of things
Idealism, Hunter Mead
Who are the philosophers in coherence theory?
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
- Baruch Spinoza
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Francis Herbert Bradley
Statement is true if it can be put logically, consistently, and systematically into a coherent body of knowledge or harmonizes with other established truth of our knowledge as a whole.
Coherence Theory
Beliefs must be logically consistent with other true belief in order to be also true. This means that if one belief is inconsistent with other accepted beliefs , its probably wrong.
Coherence Theory
Pragmatism Theory
Originally expounded by Charles sanders peirce
Developed and popularized by William james
Applied and propagated by john dewey
Rooted In the idea that before you determine the truth of any idea you must have asked the question “does it work.?”
Pragmatism Theory
