Trusts Flashcards

1
Q

Trust creation

A

A valid trust is created with (1) intent by the settlor, (2) identifiable trust property, (3) one or more beneficiaries that are definite and ascertainable, and (4) a trustee

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2
Q

Merger

A

Although a trust will not fail for lack of a trustee, the sole beneficiary may not also be the sole trustee, otherwise a merger occurs and the trust is invalid.

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3
Q

Trust beneficiaries

A

Beneficiaries need not be identified at the time of trust creation, but they must be susceptible of identification by the time their interests are to come into enjoyment.

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4
Q

Class gifts

A

Beneficiaries may be a class if the class is sufficiently definite. The settlor may also allow the trustee discretion in selecting class members if it is reasonably definite. If the class is too broad, the trust (or applicable portion) may be invalid for lack of definiteness.

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5
Q

Trust property

A

Trust property must be identifiable but may arise in the future if (1) the settlor manifests anew an intent to create the trust, or (2) consideration.

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6
Q

Support trust

A

A support trust requires the trustee to pay, as is necessary, for the beneficiary’s support from the trust assets. The trustee does not have discretion to refuse to pay bills necessary for the beneficiary’s support.

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7
Q

Discretionary trust

A

A discretionary trust allows the trustee discretion to decide when to make a distribution to a beneficiary. The beneficiary cannot interfere (demand payment) with the exercise of the trustee’s discretion unless the trustee abuses his power.

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8
Q

Abuse of power

A

Generally, a court will not interfere unless the trustee has acted in bad faith or dishonesty.

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9
Q

Spendthrift trust

A

A spendthrift trust is one which the beneficiary is unable voluntarily or involuntarily to trailer his interest in the trust. He cannot sell of give away his rights to future income or capital, and creditors generally cannot collect or attach such rights.

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10
Q

Creditor attachment

A

A creditor in any case can reach only the beneficiary’s interest in a trust. Creditors generally cannot reach the interest in a spendthrift trust unless the claim is brought by (1) dependents, (2) the government, and (3) persons supplying necessities. A creditor is not prevented from income after it has be distributed to the beneficiary.

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11
Q

Charitable trust

A

A charitable trust is created for a charitable purpose. It must have a large number of not readily identifiable individuals. A charitable trust is terminated when the charitable purpose become illegal, impossible, or impractiable.

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12
Q

Cy pres

A

A court may modify or terminate the trust to be distributed to the settlor’s general charitable trust intent when (1) the purpose becomes impracticable, impossible, or illegal; (2) no alternative charity is named in the trust; (3) the court found the settlor had a general rather than specific charitable purpose.

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13
Q

Pourover gift

A

A pourover gift ….

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14
Q

Revocation of trust

A

Under the UTC, the default rule is that a trust is revocable. However, the common law reserves the power to revoke and amend with the settlor, thus trusts are presumed irrevocable unless the trust expressly states otherwise.

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15
Q

Termination of trust

A

Settolor may terminate the trust if all beneficiaries are in existence and all agree. If the settlor dies, the beneficiaries may terminate the trust if (1) all income beneficiaries and remaindermen unanimously consent and (2) if there is no material trust purpose that requires performance.

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16
Q

Power of appointment

A

A power of appointment is an authority created in a donee to designate, within the limits prescribed by the donor of the power, the objects who shall take certain property and the manner in which they take.

17
Q

General power of appointment

A

A general power of appointment is exercisable in favor of the donee, his estate, hos creditprs, or creditors of his estate.

18
Q

Special power of appointment

A

A special power of appointment is exercisable in favor of a specified class of persons that foes not include the donee, his estate, his creditos, or creditors of his estate.

19
Q

Presently exercisable power of appointment

A

A presently exercisable power of appointment is exercisable by the donee during his lifetime.

20
Q

Testamentary power of appointment

A

A testamentary power of appointment is exercisable only by the donee’s will.

21
Q

Exercise of power of appointment

A

If a donee fails to exercise her power of appointment, the appointive property passes to the takers in default of appointment (the persons designated by the donor to take the property in such a situation).

22
Q

Conditioned interests

A

Where a remainder interest is conditional on a benficiary surviving the settlor and the beneficiary does not, his interest fails.

23
Q

Anti-lapse statutes

A

Anti-lapse statutes. operate a gift to a predeceased beneficiary if the beneficiary was in a specified degree of relationship to the testator and left surviving decedants. UPC does not apply anti-lapse statutes to future interests created in trusts. A majority of states only apply anti-lapse statutes to testimary gifts (wills).

24
Q

Duty of loyalty

A

A trustee owes a duty of loyalty to the trust and beneficiaries. The trsut must be administered solely for their benefit. The trustee must not place himself in a potitiont hat could create a conflict of interest.

25
Q

Breach of duty

A

A trustee breaches the duty of loyalty when he enters into any transaction in which he trustee invests trust assets in a corporation of which the trustee is a principal shareholder is considered self-dealing - trustee invests trust assets in an opportunity of which the trustee receives a benefit.

26
Q

UPIA: Duty to invest

A

A trustee must administer the trust as a prudent person would, using reasonable care, skill, and caution. The Act incposes the followinf standards in making investment decisions: (1) general economic conditions; (2) the role that each investment plays with the overall trust portfolio; (3) the expected total return from income and appreciation of capital; and (4) needs for liquidity, regularity of incomel and preservation or appreciation of capital.

27
Q

UPIA: Duty to diversify

A

A trustee must diversify the investments of the trust unless he reasonably determine that the purposes of the trust are better served without diversification. The trustee is not liable for declines in value due to general economic conditions.

28
Q

Duty of care

A

A trustee has a duty to administer the trust in good faith and in a prudent manner, in accordance with the terms and purposes of the trust instrument and the insterest of the beneficiaries.