Trunk and spine respiration Flashcards
What do ligaments connect?
Bone to bone
What is the primary purpose of ligaments?
prevents excessive movement
What vertebrae are alar ligaments found? Which way do they expand? What do they prevent?
Cervical
Obliquely
Prevents side tilt
What do transverse atlantal ligaments prevent?
Prevents atlas and head dislocating anteriorly
Where is the posterior logitudinal ligament found?
spinal canal
What motion is the ligamentum flavum used for?
Yes motion
What ligament is only found in the cervical region?
Ligamentum nuchae
Name 8 upper cervical ligaments
alar ligaments
transverse atlantal ligament
anterior longitudinal
posterior longitudinal
ligamentum flavum
intertransverse
interspinous
ligamentum nuchae
What percentage of body weigh is transferred onto the sacral base?
60%
How many muscles attach to the pelvis?
35
What is the upper 2/5 of hip bone?
ilium
What is the posterior and lower 2/5 of hip bone
ischium
what is the anterior and lower fifth?
pubic bone
How many planes can the the pelvic girdle move and how many different motions?
3 planes for 6 movements
What plane is anterior/posterior rotation of the pelvic girdle?
Sagittal plane
What pane is right and left tilt (rotation) of pelvic girdle?
frontal plane
what plane is Right transverse/left transverse rotation of pelvic girdle
transverse
What is the normal BMI range
18.5-25
What muscles aid in flexion of the trunk? (2)
Rectus abdominis
Prevertebrals
What muscles aid in extension of the trunk (unilaterally or bilaterally)?
Post-vertebral
bilaterally
What muscles of the trunk are used for Lateral flexion/extension (uni or bilaterally)
post vertebrals (unilaterally)
internal/external obliques
quadratus lumborum
What muscles are used in trunk rotation? Uni or bi
Internal external obliques
postvertebrals (uni)
What are muscle actions determined by?
What their concentric action is
Anterior to vertebral = what? used in what motion?
poster to vertebral = what? used in what motion?
pre-vertebral (flexion)
postvertebrals (extension/rotation)
What 2 muscles control cervial flexion?
Longus capitas/longus colli
scalenes
Where are the longus capitus and longus colli found?
anterior to vertebral bodies
How many scalenes are there?
What are they used for? and What type of it?
Origin? Attachment?
3
Respiration (deep)
Arise off of transverse processes and atach to ribs 1and2
Actions of sternocleidomastoid?
along with plane of each motion
Quadratus lumborum
Origin
Insertion
Purpose?
posterior inner lip of the iliac crest
lower border of 12th rib and the transverse process of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
Function of psoas major and minor?
flex the lumbar spine and the hib
What are the two major groups of back muscles?
Extrinsic (outer layer)
Intrinsic (inner layer)
What are extrinsic muscles associated with? not associated with?
Upper limb function and respiration
Not associated with Vertebral column
Primary role of intrinsic back muscles
Make the VC move and hold posture
Extrinsic Muscles of back…
Superficial Layer? (5)
Intrinsic muscles of the back…
Superficial muscles? 2
Intermediate muscles? 3
deep muscles? 2
Extensors and rotators/ splenius capitus and splenius cervicis
spine extensors and rotators/erector spinae/transversopinalis group
interspinalis and intertransversarii
What action do the splenius capitis and cervicis do?
Bilaterally extensors
What action do erector spinae do?
Bilaterally extend, ipsilateral assist with lateral flexion/rotation
Where does transversospinalis lie?
Key postural role?
Under erector spinae
oppose segmental anterior rotation (flexion)
Where do intertransversarii muscles attach?
Transverse process to transverse process
What are the four abdominal muscles?
Functions of each?
External and Internal obliques (rotation/flexion/compression/lateral flexion)
Transversus abdominis (compression, “corset”)
Rectus abdominis (flexion and weak rotation)
Rectus abdominis attachment?
Pubis to xiphoid process and through cartiledge of ribs 5 through 7
Where do external obliques attach?
iliac crest/pubic bone/ and abdominal aponeurosis to the lower 8 ribs (5-12)
Action of external oblique?
Contralateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion
