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Anatomy II > Trunk and Neck > Flashcards

Trunk and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Serratus posterior superior and inferior act as

A

accessory muscles of respiration

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2
Q

what innervates the splenius capitis and cervicis muscles?

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

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3
Q

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles considered “true” back muscles?

A

because they are innervated by nerves coming off posterior rami

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4
Q

How many levels do semispinalis muscles go up?

A

4-6 vertebrae

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5
Q

How many levels do multifidus muscles go up?

A

2-4 vertebrae

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6
Q

How many levels do rotatores muscles go up?

A

1-2 vertebrae

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7
Q

origin and insertion of transversospinalis muscles

A

from transverse processes to superior spinous processes

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8
Q

What are intertransversarii?

A

proprioceptive muscles between adjacent transverse processes

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9
Q

Action of the levator costorum longus and brevis

A

elevate the ribs as accessory muscles of respiration

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10
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

an expansion of the supraspinous ligament in the neck region

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11
Q

where does the ligamentum nuchae run?

A

from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of C1

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12
Q

What does the ligamentum nuchae do?

A
  • functionally it replaces long spinous processes in humans for neck flexibility
  • septum between the muscles on either side of the neck
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13
Q

what muscles attach to the ligamentum nuchae?

A

trapezius and splenius capitis

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14
Q

What is zygapophysis?

A

the joint between the superior and inferior articular facets of adjacent vertebrae

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15
Q

Costotransverse Joint

A
  • joint between the ribs and the transverse process
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16
Q

ligaments of the costotransverse joint

A
  • lateral costotransverse ligament: runs from rib to same level transverse process
  • superior costotransverse ligament: runs from rib to upper level transverse process
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17
Q

Posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

sits superficial to the erector spinae

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18
Q

middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia

A

passes between the erector spinae and the quadratus lumborum from the spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae

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19
Q

anterior layer of the thoracic lumbar fascia

A

in the abdomen and comes continuous with TA and IO (NOT EO)

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20
Q

Corners of the suboccipital triangle

A
  • spinous process of C2
  • transverse process of C1
  • lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
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21
Q

Suboccipital nerve

A
  • dorsal ramus of C1
  • Motor
  • lies within the sub occipital triangle
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22
Q

Greater occipital nerve

A
  • Dorsal ramus of C2
  • Sensory
  • Passes inferior to obliquus captius inferior and proceeds to post scalp
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23
Q

Occipital artery

A

passes from external carotid artery to posterior scalp to travel with the greater occipital nerve

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24
Q

Posterior Atlanto-occipital membrane

A

lies deep within the triangle and forms the anterior wall of the triangle

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25
Q

vertebral artery

A

passes from transverse foramen of C1 to the foramen magnum along the arch of the atlas

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26
Q

Cervical enlargement

A

large because of the large number of lower motor neurons at the level for upper limb innervation

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27
Q

lumbar enlargement

A

large because of the large number of lower motor neurons at this level for lower limb/pelvis innervation

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28
Q

conus medullaris

A

termination of neural tissue of the spinal cord

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29
Q

filum terminale internum

A

continuation of the Pia mater covering of the spinal cord after the spinal cord has ended - anchors to sacrum and coccyx

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30
Q

cauda equina

A

ventral and dorsal roots below the level of the conus medullaris - looks like a horse’s tail

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31
Q

when do the filum terminale internum and filum terminale externum join?

A

when the dural sac ends at the S2 level

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32
Q

Vertebral Artery

A
  • first branch of the subclavian a
  • travels through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae
  • crosses posterior arch of C1 and enters the foramen magnum
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33
Q

Annulus fibrosis

A

concentric circular layers of fibrocartilage on outside of intervertebral disc

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34
Q

nucleus pulposus

A
  • internal cushioning of the intervertebral disc
  • jelly-like material that consists of mainly water as well as a loose network of collagen fibers
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35
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

attaches to the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and IV discs

36
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

attaches to the posterior aspect of the IV discs on the anterior wall of the vertebral canal

37
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A
  • yellow
  • high elastic fiber content
  • attach adjacent vertebral laminae
38
Q

tectorial membrane

A

continuous with posterior longitudinal ligament

39
Q

alar ligament

A

goes to the occiput
- known as “check ligament”
- prevent over rotation of the atlanto-occupital joint

40
Q

cruciate ligament

A
  • transverse band
  • superior longitudinal band
  • inferior longitudinal band
41
Q

Where are the innermost intercostals present?

A

on the lateral body wall only from midclavicular line to mid scapular lines

42
Q

What forms the inguinal ligament?

A

the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

43
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

A

between ASIS and pubic tubercle

44
Q

what forms the inguinal canal?

A

the inguinal ligament folds under the abdominal wall and forms a gutter that is the floor of the inguinal canal

45
Q

Superficial inguinal ring

A
  • opening from the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique at the medial end
  • has medial crus and lateral crus
46
Q

internal abdominal oblique gives muscle fibers to…

A

spermatic cord (cremaster m)

47
Q

what forms a roof over the spermatic cord?

A

transversus abdominus

48
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

pierces transversalis fascia as structures from the abdomen pass into the inguinal canal

49
Q

conjoint tendon

A
  • combination of the aponeuroses of the internal abdominal oblique and the transverses abdominus muscles
  • sits posterior to the superficial inguinal ring
  • direct inguinal hernias most likely to herniate here
50
Q

Lacunar ligament

A
  • attaches the inguinal ligament posteriorly to the pubic bone, medial to femoral sheath
  • creates a reinforcement of the medial edge of the inguinal ligament
51
Q

spermatic cord

A
  • passes through inguinal canal from deep inguinal ring and through superficial inguinal ring into scrotum
  • layers are formed by layers of abdominal wall as the testis passes through the wall
52
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A
  • female
  • passes through inguinal canal into labium majus
  • an issue when it stretches in pregnancy and causes pain
53
Q

Above the arcuate line, the anterior lamina consists of…

A

aponeurosis of EO and 1/2 IO

54
Q

posterior lamina is

A

1/2 IO and transverse abdominus aponeurosis

55
Q

below arcuate line

A

rectus sheath moves anterior to rectus abdominus - posteiror to rectus is transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

56
Q

deep to rectus sheath…

A

transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and parietal peritoneum line the inside of the abdominal wall and cushion organs within

57
Q

Level of opening for inferior vena cava

A

T8

58
Q

level of opening for esophagus

A

T10

59
Q

level of opening for abdominal aorta

A

T12

60
Q

anterior to quadratus lumborum is

A

anterior layer of thoracolumbar fascia

61
Q

subcostal nerve

A
  • exits vertebral column just under thoracoabdominal diaphragm
  • innervates abdominal musculature and skin midway between the umbilicus and pubic symphysis
62
Q

ventral ramus of L1

A
  • exits vertebral column and then divides into iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves, but may not divide until after it enters the lateral abdominal wall
  • innervates abdominal musculature and skin above the inguinal region
63
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A
  • passes anterior to psoas major
  • descends into inguinal region where it divides into a genital branch and femoral branch
  • responsible for cremasteric reflex
64
Q

Platysma

A

muscle of fascial expression
CN VII

65
Q

SCM innervation

A

CN XII

66
Q

What passes through inter scalene triangle

A
  • subclavian a
  • brachial plexus
67
Q

cervical plexus

A
  • ventral rami C1-C4
  • ansa cervicalis
  • phrenic n
  • cutaneous nerves: lesser occipital, great auricular n, transverse cervical n, suprascapular n
68
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A
  • motor
  • innervates all infra hyoid muscles except thyrohyoid
69
Q

hypoglossal n pathways

A
  • wraps around carotid branches and goes between myohyoid and hyoglossus mm
  • can see it behind intermediate tendon of digastric
70
Q

superior root of ansa cervicalis

A

“rides” on hypoglossal n before joining with the inferior root in the loop

71
Q

C1 “rides”

A

hypoglossal n to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid mm

72
Q

probs should remind yourself of the brachial plexus

A
73
Q

where does the ventral rami of C5-T1 emerge

A

form the vertebral column between the anterior and middle scalenes

74
Q

where does dorsal scapular n emerge?

A

from middle scalene

75
Q

subclavian artery branches

A
  • vertebral artery
  • internal thoracic artery
  • thyrocervical trunk
  • costocervical trunk (emerges posterior to ant scalene)
  • dorsal scapular artery: often comes from thyrocervical trunk
76
Q

branches of external carotid artery

A

superior thyroid a
lingual a
fascial a
occipital a
posterior auricular a
maxillary a
superficial temporal a

77
Q

what forms the external jugular v

A

posterior branch of the retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein

78
Q

internal jugular v

A
  • originates from the sigmoid dural sinus and travels in the carotid sheath deep to SCM
79
Q

parotid gland

A

creates saliva which passes through the parotid duct through the buccinator muscle across from 2nd upper second molar

80
Q

submandibular gland

A

sits below angle of mandible
- duct runs under the tongue

81
Q

facial nerve

A
  • motor branch of the facial n
  • exits the skull from the stylomastoid foramen and divides into 5 main branches
  • pierces and travels through the parotid gland to muscles of fascial expression
82
Q

temporalis muscle

A

arises from frontal, parietal and temporal bones in the temporal fossa of the skull
- inserts on coronoid process of mandible

83
Q

Mandibular nerve branches

A

buccal n
deep temporal n
lingual n (chorda tympani)
inferior alveolar n
auriculotemporal n

84
Q

what does the mandibular nerve innervate

A
  • muscles of mastication
  • mylohyoid
  • anterior belly of digastric
  • tensor tympani
  • tensor veli palatini
85
Q

extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ

A
  • stylomandibular ligament
  • sphenomandibular ligament
86
Q

inferior synovial compartment is…

A

rotational

87
Q

superior synovial compartment is

A

translational

Anatomy II (8 decks)

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