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history american dream > truman > Flashcards

truman Flashcards

1
Q

year he became president

A

1945

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2
Q

context of his presidency

A
  • followed on from FDR (high expectations to follow but strong government to rely on)
  • federal intervention was common
  • public on good terms w government
  • economy regulated (profited from war)
  • lack of knowledge (eg atomics bombs)
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3
Q

branches of government

A

legislative - congress
executive - president
judicial - Supreme Court

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4
Q

global population made up by US

A

7%

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5
Q

global income made up by US

A

42%

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6
Q

FDRs approval rating

A

70% (never stood below 48%)

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7
Q

new deal

A

socio-economic policies from 1933-39 - slowly solved problems of the Great Depression
relief, recovery, and reform

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8
Q

problem of atomic bomb

A
  • only tested in ocean
  • truman wasn’t previously aware but as president had to decide whether to drop or not
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9
Q

military men

A

12 million soldiers left in WW2 and jobs were taken by other soliders

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10
Q

truman as vp

A

only appointed in january and made president in march - lacked experience in both role and politics

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11
Q

congress

A

mainly republican and thinks president has too much power

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12
Q

democrats

A

not a united party (splinter group)
- new deal liberals
- dixiecrats

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13
Q

Wall Street crash

A

1929
- 25% unemployment by 1933
- Keynesian economics led to shift in political ideology (supported stronger federal involvements in economy)

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14
Q

McCarran Walter act

A

1952
‘immigration and nationality act’
- made immigration from Asia easier, from 300,000 in 1950 to 3.5 million in 1980 (30 years)
- enabled asians to become citizens

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15
Q

east coast of US

A
  • home of manufacturing
  • wealth of raw materials
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16
Q

south

A
  • traditional and conservative
  • legacy of slavery still apparent
  • de jure segregation
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17
Q

west

A
  • oil rich
  • population explosion
  • more liberal, relaxed, and glamorous
  • less political influence
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18
Q

midwest

A
  • sparsely populated, few major cities
  • rich agricultural land, produced wheat, corn and rice
  • profited from food exports
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19
Q

north east

A
  • political, financial, and educational powerhouse
  • more sophisticated
  • responsible for US success
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20
Q

GI bill of rights

A

1944 gave education grants
- black soldiers attended college in record number, increasing economic opportunity

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21
Q

women

A

1920 given right to vote
traditional home minder view remained
- 63% didn’t approve of women working
- 19.3 million worked in war (temporarily)

22
Q

native americans

A

1944 national congress of American Indians - included all tribes and protected their rights
forced to assimilate and people sought segregation from them
25,000 fought in army and 50,000 defence industry worker

23
Q

hispanics

A

puerto ricans classed as citizens - gravitated to US
mexicans seen as uncivilised
1942 programme - meant workers under government contract could stay in southwest

24
Q

african americans

A

segregated in south and discriminated
- legalised by Jim Crow laws (de jure segregation)
1945 some given right to vote
- literacy tests and poll taxes made it difficult
- only represented by white democrats
menial, low paid jobs

25
Q

asian americans

A

chinese immigration stopped in 1882, japanese 1907, and rest 1917
- McCarran Walter act
- racial hostility after pearl harbour

26
Q

segregation

A

de jure - by law, in south
de facto - by matter of fact, in North (less income and more ghettos)
outlawed in 1964

27
Q

Plessy v Ferguson

A

1896 Supreme Court case that ruled segregation legal as long as facilities were of the same quality (separate but equal)

28
Q

NAACP

A

national association for the advancement of coloured people

29
Q

legal defence fund

A

1939, raised money to take on cases that would challenge principle of plessy vs ferguson

30
Q

Smith v Allwright

A

1944 allowed Americans in Texas to vote in primaries (votes to decide party candidate)

31
Q

Morgan v Virginia

A

1946 declared segregation on buses as illegal

32
Q

Shelley v Kramer

A

1948 ruled estate agents could no longer refuse to show and sell houses to black clients (supported by Truman)

33
Q

McLaurin v Oklahoma

A

1950 allowed George McLaurin to enter university of Oklahoma but was segregated from other students

34
Q

Sweatt v Painter

A

successfully challenged separate but equal doctrine in Texas

35
Q

containment

A

US foreign policy of stopping the spread of communism, first established in Truman Doctrine

36
Q

USSR

A

union of soviet socialist republics

37
Q

Kennans long telegram

A

22nd February 1946
- US diplomat in Moscow (expert on USSR)
- before Yalta conference Kennan supported idea of dividing Europe into spheres of influence
- asserted Stalin wanted to replace fear of Germany and Japan with fear of soviets and communism
- reccomended a proactive approach and to use force when necessary, stated urgency and that the US should act quickly
- believed negotiation and compromise with Stalin was futile (pointless) and force was only message he’d understand

38
Q

Iron curtain speech

A

Churchill delivered speech in Missouri 5th March 1946
- praised US as a global powerhouse and called for stronger relationship between the two countries
- stated there was a great divide (iron curtain) between communism and capitalism in Europe
- called for the issue to be dealt with strong force, message was received warmly by Truman and US officials

39
Q

Iran Crisis

A

1946 (Azerbaijan crisis)
- sparked by refusal of soviet union to relinquish occupied Iranian territory

40
Q

greek crisis

A

1947 Greece was one of few eastern European countries that wasn’t communist
- British army had prevented this but wanted to pull soldiers out (could no longer afford them)
- truman was increasingly alarmed by soviet growth so stepped in to take over

41
Q

Turkey

A
  • WWII turkey remained neutral but were pressured by soviets to allow shipping to flow freely through Turkish straits (connecting Black Sea to Mediterranean)
  • issue brought up at Potsdam but Truman claimed it was a domestic political issue for Turkey and USSR
  • Dean Acheson telegram states ‘we cannot permit turkey to become the object of soviet aggression’
  • US gave $100 million in economic and defence aid
42
Q

Truman Doctrine

A
  • address to congress (who were hostile and mainly republicans) 12th march 1947 outlining policy of containment
  • ‘support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures’
  • approved Marshall aid/plan
43
Q

Marshall plan

A
  • money given to European countries to purchase goods from US, raise individual production, and create employment to help them resist communism and be less likely to seize territory
  • over $12bn in 4 years and $400mil to turkey and greece
  • helps American economy rebuild as captive market increases their income
  • USSR rejected offer of joining and created molotov plan
44
Q

Molotov plan

A

1947 introduced to prevent eastern European countries from joining Marshall plan, and remaining under soviet sphere of influence

45
Q

Berlin blockade

A
  • Germany began to reindustrilize and rebuild their economy
  • 24th June 1948 Stalin prevented food, materials and supplies from arriving in West Berlin
  • US, Britain, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and several other countries began the massive ‘Berlin airlift’ to supply West Berlin with food and materials
  • after two months the Airlift was succeeding and daily operations flew more than 1,500 flights a day, delivering more than 4,500 tons of cargo
  • May 1949 Stalin backed down and lifted the blockade
46
Q

NSC 68

A

the Council recommended heavy increases in military funding to help contain the Soviets 1950

47
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic treaty organisation 1949

48
Q

NSA

A

national security agency 1952

49
Q

CIA

A

central intelligence agency 1947

50
Q

UNSC

A

United Nations security council resolution 82
- 1950 condemned armed attack on Republic of Korea from north korea (wanted north to withdraw)

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