True/False Flashcards
Manipulation of the environment is a functional expression of the muscular system
TRUE
Neurological damage above the brain stem results in flaccid muscles.
FALSE: damage BELOW the brain stem = flaccid muscles
Muscle tone is the result of the integrity of muscle fibers’ elasticity.
FALSE. Muscle tone is the result of a systematic stimulation of the muscle by the nervous system.
Muscle fatigue is the result of insufficient supply of oxygen to working muscles.
TRUE
Skeletal muscles’ activity is responsible for 40% of body heat.
TRUE
Collectively, all motor neurons innervating the fibers of a single muscle are called a motor pool.
TRUE
One motor neuron can stimulate only one muscle cell.
FALSE: one motor neuron can stimulate several muscle cells, creating a motor unit
Grave’s Disease is a condition of hyperthyroidism.
TRUE
The Posterior Pituitary Gland does not synthesize hormones.
TRUE the hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus
Anterior Pituitary Gland hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus.
FALSE this is true of the posterior pituitary gland
The main regulatory process controlling hormonal release into the circulatory system is a positive feedback loop mechanism.
FALSE: both positive and negative feedback loops are used
Hormones are synthesized in ductless glands.
TRUE
Goiter is a condition resulting from excess iodine in the system.
FALSE: lack of iodine does not allow the thyroid glands to secrete hormones and causes this condition
Steroids have an impact on cells by activating receptors located on cell’s membrane
FALSE: steroids act in receptors inside target cells
Growth Hormone and Adrenocorticotropic Hormone are antagonistic to each other
TRUE
At 40 to 41 degrees C, protein molecules begin to break their chemical bonds
TRUE
Humans react to cold by dilating cutaneous blood level
FALSE: heat causes dilation, cold causes constriction
Thyroid secretion increases in reaction to heat
FALSE: thyroid secretion increases in reaction to cold
Fever is one of the body’s defense mechanisms in time of illness
TRUE: leukocytes are mobilized and fever can fight off bacterial infections
Low grade fever (up to about 2 degrees C) can fight off bacterial infections
TRUE
The extracellular liquid environment in the human body is about a third of the body liquid volume.
TRUE: interstitial fluid = 25%, intravascular (blood) = 7%, transcellular (CSF) = 1%
Diffusion, unlike osmosis, is an active chemical force
FALSE: both diffusion and osmosis are passive
Salty meals result in hypotonicity of extracellular liquid environment.
FALSE: salty meals result in HYPERTONICITY
Constriction of blood vessels results in loss of blood pressure
FALSE: elevates blood pressure
Some of the “head factors” involved in eating are taste and smell.
TRUE
Extensive sweating can result in cravings for salt.
TRUE
Insulin and glucagon are secreted by the pancreas.
TRUE
Reproductive cells require cooler environment than the rest of the body
TRUE
“Homeothermia” means that the constancy of body temperature is maintained regardless of environmental variations in temperature.
TRUE: homeotherms have a constant body temp, poikliotherms’ body temp adjusts depending on the environment
Metabolism of brown fat is a reaction to cold
TRUE
Constriction of blood vessels leads to elevated blood pressure.
TRUE
No one food has all the vitamins
TRUE
Very thin adolescents experience early puberty
FALSE: very thin adolescents have later puberty as leptin is involved in triggering puberty
Luteinizing Hormone activates in males testosterone secretion
TRUE, involved in males and females, in females ovulation and estrogen
It is speculated that the supply of ova available for females is determined around birth
TRUE
The ovarian cycle is regulated by the fluctuations of blood levels of releasing factors
FALSE
Leptin is a hormone involved in regulation of food intake
TRUE: inhibition of leptin results in overeating
Cortical structures are involved in our inhibitory abilities
TRUE
Stress or anxiety can be explained as hypervigilance of the fight-or-flight response
TRUE
The classical functional definition of memory is : “the consolidation and retention of acquired information.”
TRUE
Episodic memory is usually organized regardless its temporal and spatial context.
FALSE: episodic memory involves context and is specific to time and place, usually a single event (slide 8)
Testosterone facilitates aggression only in males
FALSE: testosterone facilitates aggression in males and androgen females
Facial expressions are paralinguistic
TRUE
Moral decision making requires emotional reactions
TRUE
Research and clinical practice indicate that lesions in the hypothalamus result in impaired acquisition of conditioned emotional responses
FALSE: lesions in the AMYGDALA impair acquisition of conditioned emotional responses
The amygdala is involved in provoking anger and violence, while the prefrontal cortices suppress them
TRUE
Core executive emotional systems are shared by all living creatures
FALSE: core executive emotional systems are shared by all MAMMALS
When the organism is engaged in flight-flight, the Sympathetic Nervous System is stimulating secretions of the adrenal cortex.
TRUE
The nerve impulses activating muscle fibers at the neuromuscular junction utilize acetylcholine (Ach)
TRUE
Recognition develops very early in infancy, while recall requires some language development
TRUE
