Trot Notes Flashcards
Harassment:
Training should be done after receiving a supervisory position when?
6 months
What is the weighted capacity of a come-a-long?
.5-6 tons
What is type A soil?
1.5 tons per square foot. (Clays)
What is type B soils?
Greater than .05 less than 1.5 tsf. (Granular)
What is type C soil?
.5 tsf or less.
All soils in ffx county will be considered what for shoring purposes?
Type C
In con space, when should you take atmospheric monitoring reading?
Every 4 feet
In inland water rescue what are the environmental hazardous?
Dehydration ( ppe traps body heat)
Hypothermia
Standards of cover: what is condition 2
Situational awareness, frequent call response reduced
Rope: Petzl ID has a rating of what?
NFPA G rating
2 person load
Standard of cover:
What is resistance?
What SOP
Deploy only resources necessary to control an incident
SOP: 05.04.01
What is the most effective means of mitigating a hazard in con space?
Ventilation
Standards of cover:
What is resiliency?
Ability to quickly recover from an incident
Con space:
What is 1% of volume equal to?
10,000 PPM
FF maintenance:
What is the temperature range for pneumatic tools?
-40-250 degrees
Rope:
How long can the legs be max for static load sharing anchors?
12 in max
Con space:
In what order is monitoring done?
Oxygen, LEL, toxicity
Harassment:
What are two forms of harassment?
Implicit and explicit
Az Vortex:
What is the max length for the easel leg section?
Max outer legs?
10ft
3 with 1 inner
What is the critical angle for single point anchor?
90 degrees
FF maintenance:
Tools that do not require safety connections to ground are?
Double insulated
Structural: 4x4 Post rating: 8 feet: 10 feet: 11 feet: 12 feet:
8 feet = 8000
10= 5000
11= 4000
12= 3500
Petrogren:
What should be cleaned to produce more consistent preheat flame?
Preheat flutes
Rope:
Picketts should be driven how far and at what angle?
2/3 length
15 degree to 30 degree
Petrogren:
To improve cut edge quality, you should clean?
High pressure oxygen center hole
Structural:
Wood frame, how many undamaged floors can support damaged floors?
In steel frame:
Reinforced concrete:
Precast concrete:
1 undamaged can support 1 damaged
2 undamaged
3 undamaged
Shores to the floor.
Structural:
Design load for 6x6 material (header) for window or door shore?
6000
Con space:
What are the phases of prep?
Prep: Assessment Pre-entry Entry Termination
Structural: Designed dead loads Wood floors Steel floors Concrete floors
Wood floors= 10-25 psf
Steel floors= 50-70
Concrete floors= 80-150
Rope:
Minimum breaking capacity for 1” webbing?
6000
Rope:
Basket capacity for 1in webbing
12,989
Structural:
Length of a 8 penny nail.
2.5in
Structural:
What is the length of a 16d nail
3.25
Structural:
Design load for 6x6 material each post?
12’
14’
16’
20’
12= 20,000 14= 14,500 16= 12,000 20= 7,500
Structural:
When should rakers have mid-point braces?
4x4
6x6
4x4= greater than 11ft 6x6= greater than 17ft
Con space:
What are ways oxygen can be consumed?
Combustion Decomposition Oxidation Absorption Displacement
Structural: What class is a double T shore.
Max post height
Vertical class 2
Max post: 11’-3”
Structural:
Double T design loads.
8’
10’
12’
8=16,000
10= 10,000
12= 7000
Structural:
What is the max shore width for horizontal shores.
4x4
6x6
4x4= 10ft 6x6= 16ft
Con space:
What is a permit required space?
Additional hazardous, hazardous atmosphere, engulfment
FF maintenance:
For max tool efficiency using 1/2 in hose, what is the length limit?
50’
Swift water:
How many personnel to affect a rescue?
16
Swift water:
What is the rescue sequence?
Comms, flotation, reach, throw, go, row, helo
Petrogren:
How long will it take to purge 25ft of fuel line?
2 minutes
Trench:
Thrust force for starting pressure of-
100psi
200psi
100= 491 200= 891
Swift water:
How much water will float a vehicle?
How much water will move a vehicle?
12in to float
24in to move
Structural:
Max height for cribbing?
3 x the shortest width
Structural:
How many drill in wall anchors for 45 degree and 60 degree rake?
45= 2 60= 3
Trench:
What is the standard for ladders.
OSHA:
Trot:
OSHA: 1 ladder per 25 ft
Trot: 2 ladders per 25 ft
Structural:
How many nails does a 45 and 60 degree rake get?
45= 20 nails 60= 29 nails
Structural:
Design load for T spot shore?
4000 max height is 11ft
Structural:
Hinging slab slope floor shore is what type?
Type 2 class 3
Structural:
Design load for 4x4 and 6x6 slope floor shore?
4x4= 24,000 6x6= 60,000
Petrogren:
What is the recommended start up sequence?
1/2 turn oxygen, purge 3-5 seconds, 1/2 turn fuel.
Az Vortex:
How many guy lines are required for a gin pole at 90 degrees and 120 degrees?
90 degrees requires 4
120 degrees requires 3
FF maintenance:
Forces produced by hydraulic tools are how many times greater than pneumatic tools?
25x
Structural:
4x4 laced post design load equals?
32,000
Structural:
6x6 laced post design load equals?
80,000
Structural:
Max post height for 4x4 laced post?
17 feet
Structural:
Max post height for 6x6 laced post is?
20 feet
Structural:
What are the 4 categories of fema markings?
Structure id marking
Structure hazard evaluation
Victim location
Search assessment
Inland Water:
Layer of water.
Bottom layer of water moving faster.
Laminar flow
Structural: What class is a flying raker?
Friction, later class 1
1000 per rake
Inland water:
What are the operational zones?
Hot: in or above water
Warm: with in 10feet
Cold: greater than 10 feet
Structural:
What is the max raker spacing?
8 feet o.c
Inland water:
What do the lights mean?
White Green Red Yellow Blue
White is stern Green is starboard Red is port Yellow is rescuer Blue is victim
Structural:
Kips = what
Tons= what
Kips = 1000
Tons= 2000
Trench: What do the colors represent? Red Yellow Orange Blue Green White Pink Purple
Red= electric Yellow= gas Orange= communications Blue= potable water Green= sewer White= proposed excavation Hot pink= temp survey Purple= proclaimed water
Con space:
How many lights are required and type?
3
Helmet light
Hand light
Chem light
Inland water:
What is aggregate temperature?
Ambient temp and water temp combined.
140 degrees
Con Space:
What are ducted vent problems?
Recirculating
Short circuiting
Chimney effect
Swift water:
Speed of water ____
Force on any abject is ____
Doubled
Quadrupled
Con space:
What is the number 2 cause of death?
Engulfment
FF Maintenance:
How many cubic feet of air in a 4500 psi SCBA cylinder?
66 cubic ff
Con space:
Levels of protection:
Level a
Level b
Level c
Level d
Level a: full encapsulated, SCBA w/sar
Level b: chem resistance, scabs w/sar
Level c: full face or half apr
Level d: turn out coat, no respiration protection
Rope:
Tech rescue pro qualification?
NFPA 1006
Standard of Cover:
What is the daily minimum staffing?
356
FF maintenance:
What is the most voltage drop we can tolerate?
5%
Petrogren:
Most problems occur as a result of a flame adjustment that is?
Too lean
Structural:
Wire loop terminations without a thimble, the eye efficiency may be reduced by?
10%
Trench:
Shores exert___ that extends approximately ____?
3 dimensional cone at 45 degree
Con space:
What are the ways toxins can enter the body?
Absorption, ingestion, inhalation, injection
Con space:
How much displacing gas is needed to drop oxygen by 1%?
5%
Rope:
When climbing above an anchor, fall pro should be placed?
Every 5 feet for the first 30. After 30 feet should be placed ever 10 feet or change of direction
Rope:
How long is the rope in the urban climbing pack?
165 feet
Structural:
On site emergency signaling:
Cease:
Evacuate:
Resume:
Cease: one long blast 3 seconds
Evacuate: 3 short blast
Resume: 1 long, 1 short
Inland water:
Active searches for submerged victims should be done for?
60 minutes
Trench:
How many portable sump pumps on each TR?
2 90 gpm sumps
Structural:
To resist tension and compression, total length of 2x4 and 2x6 should be limited to?
7’-6”
Standards of cover:
What is condition 3 and authorized by who?
50% of units are committed.
Only authorized by fire chief or higher
FF maintenance:
Rate at which electricity moves through the conductor is?
“Flow” current= amps
Structural:
What is the max post height for a 4x4 in a double T?
11’-3”
FF maintenance:
What is voltage?
Pressure, makes the charge move
FF maintenance:
What determines the flow rate?
Speed and size of the pump.
Structural:
What is the max shore height for plywood laced post?
17feet
FF maintenance:
What is the proper break in for new chains?
Run saw 3/4 speed for 10 min
Rope:
In a pendulum system the angles between both sides should not exceed?
120 degree
Structural:
How does the capacity decrease for an increased post spacing of:
6in
1 ft
6in: 10%
1ft: 25%
Petrogren:
How long will fuel remain effective when
2-3 months
Petrogren:
When hole punching, maintain a coupling distance of?
1/4in and increase to 1/2in
Structural:
4x4 post rating at 8ft
8000
Structural:
6x6 post rating at 12ft
20,000
Structural:
4x4 cribbing stacked 2x2 weight rating:
24,000 (6000) per contact
Structural:
4x4 laced post weight rating:
32,000 (8000 per contact)
Structural:
4x4 raker system:
5000
Trench:
The trench box should be no more than.
18” narrower than the trench
Petrogren:
Which hose line should be pressurized first?
Oxygen
Az vortex:
What is a challenge with the sideways A frame configuration?
Finding anchors on the edge
Trench:
What is the weight of 1cubic foot of soil?
100-130 lbs
Trench:
What is the weight of 1 cubic yard of soil?
2700 lbs
Inland water:
What is downstream of a low head dam?
Boil line
Structural:
Design load for 4x4 crib system:
2x2=
3x3=
2x2= 24,000 lbs
3x3= 54,000 lbs
Structural:
6x6 material crib system.
2x2=
3x3=
2x2= 60,000
3x3= 135,000
Rope:
Load on change of direction?
0-30 degrees
0-30= 2x the load
Rope:
Load on change of direction?
30-90 degrees
1.5 x the load
Rope:
Load on change of direction?
120 degrees:
1x the load
Petrogren:
Hose connection size?
9/16 in
Petrogren:
Available torch head angles?
75,90,120
Con space:
What percentage of death is would be rescuers?
60%
Con space:
What are the psychological hazards?
Claustrophobia, fatigue
Con space:
What are the types of ventilation?
Natural and mechanical
Con space:
What is the length of time to vent a flammable toxic atmosphere?
5 cycles
FF maintenance:
Operating temps for hydraulic fluid?
60-140 degrees f
Inland water:
What is a pillow?
Water meets an object pushing the water above the water line
Inland water:
What is defined at swift water?
Fast moving with identifiable hydraulic features
Inland water:
Recommended dispatch for water rescue is?
2 boats with 3 minimum personnel, engines, ems transport
1: rescue, truck, b.c, Safo
Inland water:
Recommended dispatch for ice rescue?
2: boats with 3 swift water personnel, engines, ems transport
1: rescue, truck, b.c, safo, dive team
Inland water:
Training levels defined for:
Water/ice awareness=
Sw ops=
Sw tech=
Water/ ice awareness= everyone
Sw ops= 2nd tier, under direct supervision.
SW tech= trot
Swift water:
Trot techs are what level trained personnel?
Tech 3
Swift water:
What are the types of water emergencies?
Single/multiple vehicle, entrapment, recreational
Swift water:
What are the specs for TROT PFDS?
Mustang MRV 150, 22.5lbs of flotation, blow out strap, 66in Solas tape
Swift water:
Throw bags are how long and what test?
50-75 feet 3/8-7/16. 1200-3500 lbs
Trench:
The average trench rescue last for approximately?
6-10 hours
Trench:
What is the definition of C-60 soil?
Will stand long enough to shore
Trench:
What’s is the definition of C-80 soil?
Will not stand long enough to shore
Trench:
How much weight does a person carry when buried 1-2 ft?
750-1000 lbs
Trench:
When entering a shaft you must?
Shore in both directions with a minimum of 4x4 lumber
Trench:
How far back should the spoil pile be?
2 feet from the lip
Trench:
How much vertical and horizontal force does a collapse exert in a 5ft deep trench?
500 lbs vertically and 400 lbs horizontal
Trench:
How far must a ladder extend above the trench?
3 feet
Trench:
What is the capacity for Douglas fir or southern pine?
6000lbs strength and a 2:1 safety factor
Trench:
Rakers for a single wall should be?
30 degrees or max 45° minimum 4x4
Rope:
What is a simple mechanical advantage?
Pulls load directly. Z-haul.
Rope:
What is a compound ma system?
4:1 limited travel.
Rope:
What is a complex ma system?
Pulls on the load and itself.
Rope:
What is a 4 line high line?
High to low with no vertical travel.
Rope:
What is a 5 line high line?
Horizontally equal anchors both sides. Rescuer must be launched and retrieved from the same side. Can travel vertically
Rope:
What is a 6 line high line?
Rescuer can be launched and retrieved from either side.
Rope:
What are the fall factors?
2= anchor below the feet 1.5= anchor below the person
1= even with the anchor .5= person head height with the anchor 0= person below the anchor
AZ Vortex:
Specifications
Inside clearance: reg tripod
Horizontal clearance:
Height with additional legs:
Weight
Pins:
Inside: 9ft
Horizontal: 8’-9”
Height with additional: 12feet
Weight: 72lbs
Pins: 3/8= 18,000
1/2= 32,000
Con space:
What are the common atmospheric hazards?
Deviations in the ambient oxygen level
Presences of combustible gas vapors or dusts
Presence of toxic gas
Con space:
What is the OSHA reg for con space,
1910.146
Con space:
How often must con space techs practice making entry?
Once annually
Con space:
What is a simple asphyxiant atmosphere?
Contains inert gas that can displace oxygen
Con space:
What is an affect of an oxygen level of 16%?
Impaired judgement disoriented
Con space:
What complications can high noise levels lead to?
Inhibit effective communications.
With monitoring what does sensitivity define?
Lowest concentration that can be analyzed.
Con space:
What does selectivity define when monitoring?
What contaminates will give a response
Con space:
What does amplification define when monitoring?
Ability to increase small electronic signals
Con space:
What is a characteristic of combustible gas indicators?
The presence of Wheatstone bridge
Con space:
What is the 4-step monitoring strategy for a site?
1- general site.
2- con space perimeter l
3- confined space
4- personnel
Con space:
What is the effect of an oxygen level of 8%?
Mental failure, fainting
Con space:
What is general ventilation defined as?
Dilution ventilating. Contaminated air is diluted
Con space:
What is local exhaust ventilation used to control?
Flammable and toxic materials
Con space:
What is recirculating?
Exhaust is too close to the air inlet.
Keep 5ft from opening
Con space:
What is short circuiting?
Air moves directly from the inlet to the exhaust opening.
Use walls to diffuse air into corners
Con space:
What is chimney effect?
Duct is hung straight down but not powerful enough to force air into all areas.
Position near corner
Con space:
Oxygen deficient vent procedure for space with opening on either end?
PPV one end, exhaust the other
Con space:
Oxygen deficient vent procedures for space with only one opening?
Have intake duct back from the entrance
Con space:
Oxygen deficient vent procedure for deep confined space?
PPV fresh air at the bottom with high velocity blower
Con space:
Non ducted techniques for venting?
Space with 2 openings?
Space with 1 opening
Space with 2= PPV fan over opening
Space with 1= direct one fan at lower half for PPV and second fan at 90° to catch the exhaust.
Con space:
Hazardous atmosphere are responsible for? Of deaths.
80%
Con space:
What should be transported with patient exposed to a substance that requires a MSDS?
The msds
Con space:
What phase is the first operational phase in con space rescue?
Phase 2
Con space:
What is beneficial information provided by detection and monitoring?
Location of safety or exclusion zones
Con space:
What information is necessary for an entry permit? Frd form?
FRD 237: identify space to be entered, purpose, authorized entrants
Con space:
What are some affects of a co level 100ppm?
Slight headache in 2-3 hours
Con space:
What co levels will present with dizziness, nausea and confusion in 2 hours?
800ppm
Con space:
Death occurs within 30 min with how much co?
3200 ppm
Con space:
What is a big issue with the paper and plastic industry?
Sulfur dioxide
Con space:
When operating in spaces with engulfment hazards, rescuers should have?
Independent support lines allowing them to work above the product
Con space:
You must exit the space anytime?
Air supply is lost
Con space:
What are known monitor limitations?
Oxidizers can cause toxic sensor to have false readings.
High humidity can create condensation.
Cold environments cause batteries and displays to Perform poorly
Con space:
what should you do to isolate flow if it can not be blank/bunk?
Shut at least 2 valves in the product flow line
Con space:
What is the max entry time when using a 45 and 60 minute cylinder following the 40/60 rule?
45= 18 minutes
60= 24 minutes
Con space:
What is the preferred order of testing any con space?
PH test, oxygen, flammability, toxins
Con space:
What constitute a hazardous environment?
Visibility less than 5ft
Rope:
How much is a kiloNewton?
224.81 lbs
Rope:
How much can life safety rope stretch to be considered static rope?
Static rope can have an elongation max of 6% when loaded at 10% of MBS
Rope:
What has a greater impact on rope strength? Care or age?
Care of rope
Rope:
A fixed pulley can be viewed as?
Class 1 lever
Rope:
A moving pulley can be viewed as what class of lever?
Class 2 lever
Rope:
What 2 osha regulations apply to rescue?
CFR 1926.502 (d) fall pro
CFR 1910.146 permit required confined space
Rope:
What is the ansi code for fall protection?
ANSI Z359
Rope:
What is the knot efficiency for family of 8’s?
Bight/follow through-
End to end
Bend
Double loop
Bight/follow through- 77%
End to end- 56%
Bend- 51%
Double loop- 73%
Rope:
What is the knot efficiency for bowline?
67%
Rope:
What is the knot efficiency for butterfly and butterfly end to end?
Butterfly- 75%
End to end- 57%
Rope:
What is the knot efficiency for double fisherman’s?
68%
Rope:
What is the knot efficiency for water knot?
64%
Rope:
What is a load distributing anchor system?
System that will self equalize in theory
Rope:
What is a load sharing system?
Static system of two or more points with equal loads on the legs
Rope:
What are the forces on a change of direction due to angle?
0°
90°
120°
0°= 2x the load
90°= 1.4 x the load
120°= 1x the load
Rope:
When using a tree as an anchor what should be the minimum diameter?
4” also based on soil conditions
Rope:
When wrapping a Pickett, how many wraps for rope and webbing?
Rope: min 2 wraps
Webbing: min of 4 wraps
Rope:
What is the min breaking strength of 1in webbing in a wrap 3 pull 2?
7,899
Rope:
What is the min breaking strength for 1 in webbing in a basket?
8,464
Rope:
What is the min breaking strength for 1 in wedding in single loop?
4,832
Rope:
When would you use a pretensioned front tie?
Used to remove the elongation from an extended anchor?
Rope:
What diameter prussik cord holds shock loads best?
8mm
Rope:
How much force can the average person haul?
50-70 lbs max 200
Rope:
What is an independent belay?
Entirely separate system and operator.
Rope:
What is a safety line belay?
Independent belay operated by the belayer on a separate line.
Rope:
What is the break over from low to high angle?
60°
Rope:
Whistle commands by ASTM F 1768
1= stop 2= up 3= down 4= rope free Continuous= help
Rope:
What is the acronym FAILURE.
F- failure to understand the problem A- additional medical considerations I- inadequate rescue skills L- lack of teamwork U- underestimating logistic R- rescue vs recovery E- equipment not mastered
Rope:
How much body weight should be placed for a load check?
80%
Rope:
In a becket bend which rope takes the more complex path?
The smaller diameter rope
Rope:
What is the leverage formula?
Height x weight= leverage
Rope:
Double loop figure eight, the loops should be what size?
1 ft and 8 ft
Rope:
What is the highest MA made from a HR rope bag?
4:1
Rope:
What are the whistle command for FFX
1= stop 2= down 3= up
Rope:
When lowering for access only, how many carabiners are needed? For pick off?
One through both ropes. One for you and the victim
Rope:
The second rescuer should not allow how much slack when climbing above and anchor
More than a half twist
Rope:
What is the priority in the event of a main line failure?
Time is the deciding factor to get the rescuer back on two lines
Rope:
What is the weight of the petzl?
530g
Rope:
What can affect rope control of the cam?
New, wet, frozen or contaminated rope
Rope:
How long is the 8mm cord for tethering the az vortex?
40’
Az Vortex:
What is required for NFPA certified configuration?
Each foot must be independently hobbled
Az Vortex:
What is the MBS of tripod or easel a?
36 kn
Structural:
What is the minimum lateral strength of a vertical load?
2% of the vertical load
Structural:
Steel quick weights for 1in steel?
1 square foot of 1 in thick steel is 40lbs
Structural:
How much does a steel plate 3/4in thick weigh? 1 square foot
30lbs
Structural:
How much does 1 square foot of 1/2in steel weigh?
20lbs
Structural:
What percent of out of plumb does a building require lateral support?
10%
Structural:
What is a structural fuse?
Noisy indication of high stress, cupping wedges
Structural:
What is the max slope allowed in the header or sole of all vertical shores?
6 in over 10ft or 5%
Structural:
When do we add mid point braces to post?
4x4 over 8 feet
6x6 over 12 ft
Structural:
What is the max height per lumber for a vertical shore?
4x4 is 12 ft
6x6 is 20 ft
Structural:
What is the max length of diagonals in a 2 post system?
7’6”
Structural:
What is a problem of 3 post shore?
Hard to prefabricate
Structural:
What height range should use 2 horizontal bracing and 3 diagonals in a vertical post shore?
11’-17’
Structural:
When should you use cribbing instead of vertical shoring?
Less than 3ft high
Structural:
What is the max height for a double t?
12’
Structural:
What is the rule of thumb for the size of a header in a window?
1in of depth for every foot of width in the opening.
Structural:
What is the max height for plp system?
2x4- 13 ft
4x4- 17 ft
Structural:
How far from the end of the shore should midpoint braces be?
With 2 ft
Structural:
What are the height ranges for mid point braces?
4-9 = 1
9-13= 2
13-17= 3
Structural:
When placing a pneumatic shore, what should the air pressure be limited to?
50psi
Structural:
When using cribbing on a sloped floor what percentage of degree should we not exceed?
30% or 15°
Structural:
What is the spacing for horizontal shores?
8’ on center
Structural:
What size wall Plate is used with flying raked?
6 ft
Structural:
What is the horizontal design capacity of a raker?
2500 (full triangle)
1000 (flying)
Structural:
What are the 4 monitoring basics?
Avoid it, remove it, shore it, monitor it
Structural:
If 2x4 and 2x6 diagonal bracing members is greater than 7’-6” then they should be?
Configured as X bracing
Structural:
What are the pickets dimensions?
1” diameter x 36” grade A 36 plain steel
Structural:
How long are the top and bottom braces for plywood laced post?
8”x 48”
Structural:
Max post length for slope floor shore?
4x4
6x6
4x4= 8ft
6x6= 12ft
Structural:
If a slope floor shore is greater than 12ft than?
Needs to be built like a laced post
