Tropical medicine - vector borne (mosquito) diseases Flashcards
week 8
what are the 3 Mosquito vectors?
Anopheles
Adedes Aegyptii
Culex Annulirostris
What is the activity, breeding and vector for of Anopheles
Night biters
Outdoor
(marshes, mangroves and streams)
Malaria
What is the activity, breeding and vector for of Aedes Aegyptii
Day biters
Household
Dengue fever
Zika
What is the activity and vector for of Culex Annulirosiris
Dawn/dusk
Ross River Virus
Japanese Encephalitis
-How long are the intrinsic vs extrinsic incubation periods for Dengue fever?
- 3-14 days
- 8-12 days
How does dengue present?
Fever (2-7 days)
Vomiting
Severe headache
Macular/maculopapular rash
Petechiae
Retro-orbital eye pain
Muscle/ joint pain
What are the signs of severe dengue?
Plasma leakage –> shock/ fluid accumulation w resp distress
Haemorrhage
Organ impairment –> increased transaminases, LOC and heart impairment
How do you prevent a Dengue fever outbreak?
Early reporting
Protect cases from mosquitoes
Kill mosquitos (before extrinsic incubation finishes)
Wolbachia-infected mosquito release.
Wolbachia
= intracellular bacteria that manipulates repo of hosts
How do you prevent Dengue Fever?
Insecticides
Long clothing
Empty stagnant water
Why is Zika virus a danger to pregnant women?
Neurotropic (damage nervous system)
Microcephaly in babies
How does Zika Virus present?
Fever
Headaches
Rash
Joint pain
Red eyes
How is Japanese Encephalitis transmitted?
Mosquito vector = Culex Annulirostris
and
Animal reservoir (pigs + wild birds) –> human
What is the treatment for Japanese Encephalitis and why is it important to treat?
Jespect Vaccine (inactivated)
Imojev vaccine (live attenuated)
Importance: Can cause permanent neurological symptoms or death
What diseases belong to the Alphavirus family?
Ross River Virus
What are the vectors/ resivors for Ross River Virus and where are ecah found?
Culex Annulirostris (permanent fresh water)
Aedes Vigilax (salt marshes)
Aedes Notoscriptus (fresh water containers)
Animal revivors (marsupials and birds)
What diseases belong to the Flavivirus family?
Zika virus and Dengue fever
presentation of Ross River Fever
Polyarthralgia/ polyarthritis
Fever
Rash
Myalgia (joint pain)
What are the long term effects of Ross River Virus?
Persistent joint pain and fatigue
How do you prevent Ross River virus?
Avoid outdoors at dawn/dusk
Long clothing
Repellent
Why is it problematic to diagnose Ross River Virus?
Over-diagnosed
false positives- unsure if Abs indicates current or past infection
