Tristan Thompson Flashcards
What is the anatomical position of the left and right kidney?
Left kidney (t12-l3) Right kidney (2-4cm lower than left)
What are the three regions of the kidney?
Renal Cortex
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis
What are the functions of the kidney?
- Maintenance of body composition: regulates the
volume of fluid in the body - Excretion of metabolic end products and foreign substances
- Production and secretion of enzymes and hormones
Epidemiology of kidney cancer?
-2-3% of all cancers
- Incidence increased by 40% over the past 30 years
- In adults most common type renal tumour – renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma) 75 % of adult cases
- Tumour of renal pelvis are uncommon
◦ Children – nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour)
Aetiology of kidney cancer
RCC- twice as common in men median age 65yrs
Cigarette smoking
Obesity
Family history
Common with Von hippel Lindau syndrome
Pathology for renal cell adenocarcinoma?
75% clear cell carcinomas
-Remaining 12% are chromophilic (papailary) carcinomas
2-3% bilateral at presentation
What are the diagnostic work up procedures?
- Complete history and laboratory tests
- Radiologic studies
- Selected additional studies (MRI Ultrasonography)
What are the signs and symptoms?
- Abdominal pain, palpable flank mass
- Haematuria
- Fatigue and weight loss Pyrexia -Fever
- hypertension, increased blood-calcium
What is the pattern of spread?
- 25% to distant mets
- Local lymphatic and haematogenous spread (30%)
- Direct invasian into the perirenal tissue in 20%
- 8% local lymph nodes
What is the clinical management?
- Surgical resection
- RT isn’t used for primary management
- RT for palliative cases such as pain relief
What are some precautionary measures that can be used to prevent RCC?
Cessation of smoking
weight loss
Reduced alcohol consumption
Where are distant mets most common for RCC?
Bone and brain
