tripartite Flashcards
What are the three components of the Tripartite Composition of the Self?
thoughts, feelings, and behavior
Who said, “I think therefore I am,” and what does it signify?
Rene Descartes, a rational thinking person and self-consciousness prove the existence of the self.
What are the two systems of thinking according to Daniel Kahneman?
system 1 and system 2
daniel kahneman
a noble laureate and psychologist
What is the “Peak-End Rule” in cognitive biases?
It states that people judge an experience largely based on how they felt at its peak and at its end, rather than the total sum of the experience.
What is the main idea behind Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)?
CBT hypothesizes that people’s emotions and behaviors are influenced by their perceptions of events, not the events themselves.
What is the James-Lange theory of emotion?
The theory proposes that emotions are caused by bodily sensations; for example, you are afraid because you run, or you become happy when you smile.
trigger > arousal > emotion
How does the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion differ from the James-Lange theory?
In the Cannon-Bard theory, emotions and physical reactions happen simultaneously and independently, rather than one causing the other.
trigger > arousal + emotion
What are the two factors in Schachter-Singer’s theory of emotion?
Physical processes in the body (physiological arousal) and cognitive processes (interpreting the environment).
trigger > arousal + cognitive > emotion
What did Paul Ekman discover about facial expressions?
He found that facial expressions are universal across different cultures and are linked to specific emotions.
Define System 1 thinking.
System 1 thinking is fast, intuitive, emotional, automatic, and requires little cognitive effort.
Define System 2 thinking.
System 2 thinking is slow, deliberate, analytical, reflective, and requires intense focus and effort.
What is a heuristic in decision-making?
A heuristic is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb used to make decisions quickly and efficiently, often at the cost of accuracy.
What is the Representativeness heuristic?
It is when people judge the likelihood of something based on how well it matches a stereotype, leading to potential errors in decision-making.
What is the Anchoring and Adjustment heuristic?
It’s a bias where people rely too heavily on the first piece of information (the anchor) when making decisions and insufficiently adjust their subsequent judgments.
What are the KEY SKILLS NEEDED for effective emotion regulation?
=Flexibility,
=responsiveness to situational demands,
=awareness of one’s emotional state,
=ability to detect others’ emotions,
=and empathy.
What are some INDICATORS of adaptive emotion regulation?
=High self-esteem
=positive self-concept
=social competence
=positive mood
=school engagement
=attachment to parents and friends.
What is the role of cognitive biases in decision-making?
Cognitive biases can lead to systematic errors in thinking, causing decisions that deviate from logical or objective reasoning.
automatic thoughts
immediate interpretation of events; shapes both emotions and actions in response to events
cognitive distortions
leads to erroneous decisions, usually prevalent with patients with psychological disorders
dichotomous/ all or nothing/ black and white
its just either win or lose, nothing in between
overgeneralization
taking isolated cases and using them to make wide generalizations
ex. a gamot for human fever, then iuuse sa dog na may fever??? krazy
selective abstraction/ mental filter
tendency to focus on one detail, often out of context, then ignore the more important part of the experience
mislabeling and labeling
Labeling is a form of cognitive distortion where someone assigns a global label to themselves or others based on a single event
Mislabeling involves inaccurately describing an event or person with emotionally loaded and unfair language
magnification and minimization
perceives an event grater or lesser than it actually deserves
arbitrary inferences
Arbitrary Inference is a cognitive distortion where a person makes conclusions without supporting evidence or despite contradictory evidence. This can take the form of jumping to conclusions or making assumptions
“should” statements
what the person thinks “ought to be”
=involve setting rigid, unrealistic expectations for yourself or others by thinking in terms of “should,” “must,” or “ought to.” This often leads to guilt or frustration when these expectations aren’t met
underlying belief: core beliefs
the central ideas about the self, others and the world
they are rigid and absolute
personalization
cognitive distortion where a person takes responsibility for events that are not entirely within their control, often blaming themselves for external events
underlying belief: intermediate beliefs
consist of assumption, attitude and rules
ABC MODEL
Activating event
Beliefs or thoughts
consequences or cognitive
