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AQA Trilogy Combined Science KD > Trilogy combined Physics > Flashcards

Trilogy combined Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

Weight =

A

mass x gravitational field strength

m x g

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2
Q

Work done (W) =

A

force x distance

F x s

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3
Q

Force applied to a spring (F) =

A

spring constant x extension

k x e

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4
Q

Distance travelled (s) =

A

speed x time

s = v x t

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5
Q

Acceleration (a) =

A

change in velocity / time

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6
Q

Resultant force (F) =

A

mass x acceleration

m x a

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7
Q

Kinetic energy (Ek) =

A

1/2 x mass x (speed squared)

1/2 x m x v^2

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8
Q

Gravitational potential energy (Ep) =

A

mass x gravitational field strength x height

m x g x h

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9
Q

Power (P) =

A

energy transferred / time or word done/time

E / t or W / t

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10
Q

energy efficiency =

A

useful energy transferred out / total energy in

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11
Q

power efficiency

A

useful power output / total power input

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12
Q

wave speed (v) =

A

frequency x wavelength

f x wavelength

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13
Q

Unit for energy is

A

Joules (J)

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14
Q

The standard unit for mass is

A

kilograms (kg)

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15
Q

The standard unit for gravitational field strength is

A

newtons per kilogram or N/kg

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16
Q

How does height affect an object’s Ep? (gravitational potential energy)

A

The higher the object, the more Ep it has

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17
Q

How does mass affect an object’s Ep? (gravitational potential energy)

A

The heavier an object, the more Ep it has

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18
Q

How does mass affect an object’s Ek? (kinetic energy)

A

The heavier an object, the more Ek it has

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19
Q

How does velocity affect an object’s Ek? (kinetic energy)

A

The faster an object, the more Ek it has

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20
Q

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be…

A

transferred, stored or dissipated

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21
Q

Energy can be transferred, stored or dissipated, but it cannot be…

A

created or destroyed

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22
Q

What are the most common ways in which energy is wasted during a transfer?

A

sound or heat

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23
Q

Differences between scalar and vector quantities

A

Scalar quantities have magnitude only, vector quantities have magnitude and direction

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24
Q

Examples of contact forces

A

friction
air resistance
tension
contact

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25
Q

What do these forces have in common: friction, air resistance, tension, contact

A

Contact forces, the objects have to be physically touching

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26
Q

Examples of non-contact forces

A

gravitational force

electrostatic force, magnetic force

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27
Q

What do these forces have in common: gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic

A

non-contact forces, objects are physically separated

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28
Q

Units for Force

A

Newtons (N)

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29
Q

How to convert mass into weight on Earth (g=10N/kg)

A

Mass x 10 = Weight

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30
Q

How to convert weight into force on Earth (g=10N/kg)

A

Weight / 10 = Mass

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31
Q

Name an item of lab equipment which can be used to measure weight

A

calibrated spring balance (newtonmeter)

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32
Q

What is a resultant force?

A

The overall force that takes into account all the forces acting on an object

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33
Q

The name for the overall force that takes into account all the forces acting on an object

A

Resultant force

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34
Q

Work done against friction causes a rise in…

A

the temperature of the object

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35
Q

The extension of an object like a spring is directly proportional to the force applied, unless…

A

the limit of proportionality is exceeded

36
Q

As long as the limit of proportionality is not exceeded…

A

the extension of a sprint is directly proportional to the force applied

37
Q

Difference between distance and displacement

A

Distance is how far an object moves but does not include direction

Displacement (a vector) is the distance an object moves if you measure it in a straight line from the start to the finish

38
Q

What does distance and speed have in common?

A

They’re both scalar quantities

39
Q

What does displacement and velocity have in common?

A

They’re both vector quantities

40
Q

On a distance/time graph, the gradient of the line represents

A

velocity

41
Q

On a distance/time graph, a straight line sloping upwards or downwards represents

A

a steady speed

42
Q

On a distance/time graph, a curve going up represents

A

acceleration

43
Q

On a distance/time graph, a horizontal line represents

A

a stationary object

44
Q

On a velocity/time graph, the gradient represents

A

acceleration

45
Q

On a velocity/time graph, a horizontal line represents

A

a constant velocity

46
Q

On a distance/time graph, not moving is represented with

A

a horizontal line

47
Q

On a velocity/time graph, a steady velocity is represented by

A

a horizontal line

48
Q

Newton’t First Law of Motion states that if forces acting on an object are balanced

A

a stationary object will stay stay stationary
and
a moving object will stay at a constant velocity

49
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion states that if a stationary object stays stationary, the forces acting on it must be…

A

balanced

50
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion states that if a moving object is at a constant velocity, the forces acting on it must be

A

unbalanced

51
Q

If forces are balanced, the resultant force =

A

0

52
Q

The equation that represents Newton’s second law is…

A

Resultant force = mass x acceleration

53
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion states

A

when two objects interact, the forces acting on them are equal and opposite

54
Q

The stopping distance of a vehicle can be calculated by the sum of

A

thinking distance + braking distance

55
Q

The thinking distance is

A

the distance the vehicle travels while the driver is reacting

56
Q

The distance the vehicle travels while the driver is reacting is known as

A

the thinking distance

57
Q

The braking distance is

A

the distance the vehicle travels under the braking force

58
Q

The distance the vehicle travels under the braking force is known as

A

the braking distance

59
Q

A vehicle’s thinking distance is affected by

A

tiredness, drugs and alcohol

60
Q

What component of a vehicle’s stopping distance is affected by tiredness, drugs and alcohol?

A

Thinking distance

61
Q

A vehicle’s braking distance is affected by

A

poor weather and the condition of the vehicle

62
Q

What component of a vehicle’s stopping distance is affected by poor weather and the condition of the vehicle?

A

Braking distance

63
Q

Ripples on water are an example of

A

transverse waves

64
Q

Sound waves travelling through air are

A

longitudinal waves

65
Q

The amplitude of a wave is represented as

A

the maximum displacement of a point on a wave from the centre, undisturbed position

66
Q

The wavelength of a wave is represented by

A

the distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the next wave

67
Q

The frequency of a wave is

A

the number of waves passing a point each second

68
Q

The maximum displacement of a point on a wave from the centre, undisturbed position

A

Amplitude

69
Q

The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the next wave

A

Wavelength

70
Q

The number of waves passing a point each second

A

Frequency

71
Q

Unit of frequency

A

Hertz (Hz)

72
Q

What kind of waves are electromagnetic waves?

A

Transverse

73
Q

How are waves in the electromagnetic spectrum organised?

A

According to their wavelength and frequency

74
Q

List the electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength (shortest to longest)

A 
Gamma
X
UV
Visible light
Infrared
Microwaves
Radio
75
Q

List the electromagnetic waves in order of wavelength (longest to shortest)

A 
Radio
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
UV X
Gamma
76
Q

Which EM waves are used for television and radio?

A

Radio waves

77
Q

Which EM waves are used for satellite communication and cooking food?

A

Microwaves

78
Q

Which EM waves are used for heaters, cooking food and thermal imagingcameras?

A

Infra-red

79
Q

Which EM waves are used for fibre optic communication?

A

Visible light

80
Q

Which EM waves are used for energy efficient bulbs and tanning beds?

A

Ultraviolet (UV)

81
Q

Which EM waves are used for medical imaging and treatments?

A

X rays and gamma rays

82
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Television and radio

83
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Satellite communication

Cooking food

84
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A

electrical heaters
cooking food
thermal imaging cameras

85
Q

What type of communication is visible light used for?

A

fibre optics

86
Q

What are UV rays used for?

A

energy efficient lamps

tanning beds

87
Q

What are x rays and gamma rays used for?

A

Medical imaging and treatments

AQA Trilogy Combined Science KD (3 decks)

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