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Physiology > Trigeminal System (6/30/15) > Flashcards

Trigeminal System (6/30/15) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Chemesthesis?

A

Trigeminal fibers can be activated by some chemical stimuli including spices.

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2
Q

What is Stereognosis?

A

the 3-dimensionality of objects in the mouth.

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3
Q

What is flavor?

A

taste, olfaction and texture.

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4
Q

Describe the 3 main branches of the Trigeminal nerve…

A
  • Ophthalmic = sensory only
  • Maxillary = sensory only
  • Mandibular = sensory and motor!

*There are 16 major nerve branches and 53 named branches.

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5
Q

The cell bodies of the trigeminal nerve located in the ______.

A

Trigeminal ganglion (gassenrian/semilunar)

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6
Q

After entering the brain at the level of the pons the fibers bifurcate into _____ and _______ branches.

A

Ascending and descending branches.

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7
Q

Ascending branches end in the ____ and function primarily as ______.

A

Principal nucleus

Light touch.

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8
Q

Descending branches end in the ______ and has 3 divisions called____, _____ and _____.

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus
Nucleus Oralis = light touch
Nucleus interpolaris = temp perception
Nucleus Caudalis = pain perception

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9
Q

The somatopic representation of the head and neck is organized within the _____, ______ and _______.

A

Sub nucleus of the brainstem, the thalamus and in the parietal lobe.

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10
Q

The face is represented in the _______ primary somatosensory cortex.

A

Lateral

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11
Q

How are peripheral nerves classified?

A

Based on size, conduction velocity, threshold and modality (what they respond to)

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12
Q

A- Beta (Muscle type? Threshold? Modality?)

A

Muscle type = 1 and 2
Threshold = Low
Modality = Touch and Proprioceptive

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13
Q

A- Delta ( Muscle Type? Threshold? Modality?)

A

Muscle type = 3
Threshold = high
Modality = Touch, Temp, Chemesthesis and Sharp pain

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14
Q

C-Fiber (Muscle Type? Threshold? Modality?)

A

Muscle Type = 4
Threshold = Highest
Modality = Temp, Chemesthesis and Dull/burning pain

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15
Q

What are the 4 types of mechanoreceptors?

A

Rapid adapting mechanoreceptors
Slow adapting Mechanoreceptors
* small and large receptive fields for each

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16
Q

How does transduction occur for Mechanoreceptors?

A

deformation or stretch of the axon membrane that opens Na channels, thereby depolarizing the axon and causing AP’s.

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17
Q

Mechanical transduction can also occur through _______ .

A

Transient Receptor Potential Channels (Piezzo 1 and 2)

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18
Q

Miessner corpuscle?

A

RA Light touch/spatial discrimination

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19
Q

Merkel Receptor?

A

SA I Pressure

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20
Q

Ruffini Corpuscle?

A

SA II Skin stretch

21
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle?

A

RA II Vibration

22
Q

The Response properties of mechanoreceptors are influenced by what 3 sources?

A
  1. The degree of mylenation
  2. Location of the receptor (Superficial or deep)
  3. The structure of the ending (Encapsulation)
23
Q

Pacinian corpuscles respond to ___ and ____.

A

Stimuli start and cessation

24
Q

What are Von Frey hairs?

A

Monofilaments used to measure (in grams) touch thresholds.

25
Q

The closer you get to the midline of the face…..

A

the lower the threshold for 2 point touch discrimination (it gets better)

26
Q

Oral have different anatomical receptor types than are found in the hand. T or F?

A

True. There are no RA II (Pacinian) receptors in the face et many RA I, SA I and II.

27
Q

What is Microneurography?

A

Technique used to record nerve impulses.

28
Q

What are the most common receptors in the tongue (Lingual branch of mandibular nerve)?

A

Coiled nerve endings (Krause bulbs) look similar to meissners corpuscles in the hand.

29
Q

At the tip of the tongue, the receptive fields are ______.

A

Small

30
Q

What are some origins of trigeminal dysfunction?

A
  • Oral and facial trauma
  • Complete dentures with loss of underlying tissue
  • infectious diseases
  • dental and surgical procedures, tooth extraction and osteotomy
31
Q

TMJ Receptors help mediate _____.

A

Interdental sensation

32
Q

What is the innervation of TMJ?

A
  • auriculotemporal

- master and posterior deep temporal branch of trigeminal nerve.

33
Q

Where is the innervation most dense in the TMJ?

A

Posterior and Lateral position of the capsule.

34
Q

____ teeth are more sensitive.

A

Anterior

35
Q

What is the innervation of the PDL’s?

A

branches of superior and inferior alveolar nerves.
* A very different type of ending is found in the PDL compared to the tongue mostly the UNENCAPSULATED RUFFINI TYPE ENDINGS.

36
Q

______ is relatively superficial in the PDL compared to the _____.

A 
Trigeminal Ganglion 
Mesencephalic nucleus (More innervation at apex)
37
Q

When force is directed to the tooth from a _____ direction the response is largest.

A

distal

38
Q

As a stimulus is applied more rapidly, the response latency is ______.

A

Shorter.

39
Q

sub nucleus oralis projects to ______ to produce a __________.

A

Motor trigeminal nucleus to produces a jaw opending reflex via nat. digastric muscle.

40
Q

_______ projections can cause salivary secretions.

A

Mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus

41
Q

Studies indicate that both the ____ and _____ contribute to the interdental sensitivity.

A

PDL and TMJ

42
Q

In reguards to temp, there is a ____ variation for warmth and ____ variation for cold.

A

Wide variation for warmth

Less variation for cold ( usually perceived more intense than warmth)

43
Q

There are ____ subfamilies of Transient Receptor potential channels. comprised of _____ transmembrane domains with a cation channel between ____ and ___ domains.

A

8 sub families
6 domains
between 5th and 6th domains

44
Q

TRPV1

A

temp >42 (Capsaicin and ethanol)

45
Q

TRPV2

A

temp >52

46
Q

TRPV3

A

temp 34-38 (camphor)

47
Q

TRPV4

A

temp 27-34

48
Q

TRPM8

A

Temp

49
Q

TRPA1

A

Temp

Physiology (9 decks)

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