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physio- exam 1 > trigeminal nerve lecture > Flashcards

trigeminal nerve lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what stimuli can the trigeminal nerve detect?

A 
pain
touch
temperature
proprioception
chemesthesis (common chemical sense)
Stereognosis
Flavour
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2
Q

___________ is the ability to sense 3-dimensionality, such as size, texture and hardness

A

Stereognosis

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3
Q

The trigeminal nerve has ___ main branches. name them:

A

3 branches:

1) Opthalmic (sensory only)
2) Maxillary (sensory only)
3) mandibular (Sensory & Motor)

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4
Q

what are the 3 names for the trigeminal ganglion?

A

Trigeminal ganglion
Gasserian ganglion
Semilunar ganglion

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5
Q

name the segments of the spinal trigeminal nucleus

A

1) oralis
2) interpolaris
3) caudalis (medullary dorsal horn)

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6
Q

before signals from the principal sensory nucleus reach the primary somatic sensory cortex (in the parietal cortex), where do the nerve fibers synapse?

A

Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus of the Thalamus

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7
Q

which types of sensory neurons are found in the Trigeminal nerve?

A

A-beta

A-delta

C fibers

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8
Q

what are the 4 types of mechanoreceptors?

A

1) meissners corpuscle (RA1)
2) Merkel disks (SA1)
3) pacinian corpuscle (RA2)
4) Ruffini endings (SA2)

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9
Q

which type of mechanoreceptor senses vibration? Pressure? discriminative touch? Skin stretch?

A

Vibration- Pacinian corpuscle

Pressure- Merkel disk

Discriminative touch- Meissners corpuscle

Skin stretch- Ruffini endings

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10
Q

how do ENaC channels transmit signals concerning the “stretch” of skin?

A

Stretch causes membrane channels to open leading to depolarization

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11
Q

Factors Influencing Mechanoreceptor function:

A
  1. Size of fiber and degree of myelination
  2. Location or receptor (superficial vs deep)
  3. Structure of ending, e.g. degree of encapsulation
  4. Transduction
    • ENacS & TRP channels
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12
Q

what do Von Frey Hairs measure?

A

Touch discrimination

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13
Q

T/F: males typically have a higher sensitivity to 2-point discrimination

A

False

females are more sensitive

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14
Q

what mechanoreceptors does the infraorbital nerve contain? which is it missing?

A
  1. Both SAI and SAII
  2. RAI
  3. No RAII **no pacinian corpuscles
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15
Q

due to its lack of RA2, what sensation can the infraorbital nerve not detect?

A

vibration

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16
Q

the Perioral and Facial area has low __________ sensitivity

A

vibrotactile

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17
Q

Lack of _________ leads to low vibrotactile sensitivity of face

A

Lack of pacinian corpuscles

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18
Q

___________ mechanoreceptor Endings Predominate in Tongue (and palate)

A

Unencapsulated

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19
Q

the coiled endings (Krause end bulbs) in the mouth are similar to what structure

A

Meissner corpuscles

20
Q

Tongue has both rapidly and slowly adapting mechanoreceptors despite what?

A

only having one kind of ending! (compare to hand)

21
Q

the tongue has High density and small receptive fields in what area?

A

at the tip

22
Q

the face has a lack of what receptor? what does it have a low sensitivity to?

A

Lack of pacinian corpuscles (RAII)

Low vibration sensitivity

23
Q

Unlike the face, the tongue uses _________ receptors, giving it a high degree of _______ sensitivity

A

Krause end bulbs

High degree of tactile sensitivity

24
Q

Trigeminal Dysfunction Following Third Molar Extraction:

A

Lip impacted more often than tongue

Can lead to tongue biting And hot fluid burns & tics:
e.g. fingers to chin

Taste problems not commonly reported

25
Q

what is the rate of nerve dysfunction following third molar extraction?

A

1.2%

only 0.2% of patients had permanent damage

26
Q

what nerves innervate the TMJ?

A

1) Masseter nerve (anterior)
2) posterior deep temporal nerve (medial)
3) Auriculotemporal nerve (posterior)

27
Q

TMJ Mechanoreceptors are mostly what type?

A

mostly free nerve endings (c-fibers)

Ruffini > Golgi tendon organs > Pacinian

28
Q

T/F: posterior teeth (molars) are more sensitive than anterior teeth (incisors)

A

False: anterior teeth more sensitive than posterior

29
Q

which type of nerve endings are responsible for the innervation of the PDL?

A

1) Complex Ruffini
2) Simple Ruffini
3) Unmyelinated Free nerve endings

30
Q

Nerves from the Trigeminal ganglia are more abundant at what part of the PDL? what about nerves from the mesencephalic nucleus?

A

Trigeminal ganglia- gingival to middle portion of PDL

Mesencephalic nucleus- Apex of tooth

31
Q

the mechanoreceptors of the PDL are ________ sensitive

A

rate

faster the force is applied- higher firing rate

32
Q

T/F: the mechanoreceptors of the PDL have directional sensitivity

A

true

33
Q

PDL nerve fibers are generally more sensitive to forces in what directions?

A

labial and distal forces

34
Q

Denture & Implant Patient have Trouble __________ Force but do not have Trouble _________ Force

A

Denture & Implant Patient have Trouble Controlling Force but do not have Trouble Generating Force

35
Q

Denture Patients Show Less _________ Sensitivity

A

Stereognosis Sensitivity

36
Q

PDL Receptor Function:

A 
detect force to teeth
interdental discrimination
stereognosis
jaw reflexes
salivation
37
Q

which type of nerve fibers in the mouth are temperature sensitive?

A

A-delta and C-fiber

A-beta fibers are only proprioceptive and touch

38
Q

for sensitivity to heat, the ________ is most sensitive of intra-oral tissues

A

tongue tip

39
Q

Temperature Transduction is Mediated by ___________________

A

Transient Receptor Potentials

TRP channels

40
Q

the trigeminal motor nucleus, and the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus, are both found in which CNS structure?

A

the pons

41
Q

what are the 2 types of “RA” (rapid adaptation) mechanoreceptors?

which has a small, sharp receptive field?

A

Meissners and Pacinian corpuscles

Meissners have a small, sharp receptive field

42
Q

which mechanoreceptors are “SA” (slow adaptation)?

which of these 2 has a small, sharp receptive field?

A

Merkel disks and Ruffini endings

merkels disks have a smaller, sharper receptive field

43
Q

where do the “reflex” pathway fibers of the PDL travel to?

A

-trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus

then to the:

  • salivary nucleus
  • motor nucleus
44
Q

where do the “sensory” pathway fibers of the PDL travel to?

A

A) trigeminal principal sensory nucleus

B) Spinal trigeminal nucleus (oralis)

45
Q

which section of the Spinal trigeminal nucleus receives temperature stimuli?

A

interpolaris

physio- exam 1 (8 decks)

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